P R I NC I P L E S O F FOURTH EDITION ALANJ CANN
CONTENTS Preface to the fourth edition Preface to the third edition Preface to the second edition xii Preface to the first edition Chapter 1 Introduction Viruses are Distinct from Living Organisms The History of Virology Living Host Systems Cell Culture Methods Serological/Immunological Methods 9 Ultrastructural Studies 12 'Molecular Biology 18 Further Reading 24 Chapter 2 Particles 3 The Function and Formation of Virus Particles 2 Capsid Symmetry and Virus Architecture 28 Enveloped Viruses Complex Virus Structures Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions and Genome Packaging 2 Virus Receptors:Recognition and Binding 分 Other Interactions of the Virus Capsid with the Host Cell Summary Further Reading 父
CONTENTS Preface to the fourth edition x Preface to the third edition xi Preface to the second edition xii Preface to the first edition xiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Viruses are Distinct from Living Organisms 2 The History of Virology 3 Living Host Systems 5 Cell Culture Methods 7 Serological/Immunological Methods 9 Ultrastructural Studies 12 ‘Molecular Biology’ 18 Further Reading 24 Chapter 2 Particles 25 The Function and Formation of Virus Particles 25 Capsid Symmetry and Virus Architecture 28 Enveloped Viruses 39 Complex Virus Structures 42 Protein–Nucleic Acid Interactions and Genome Packaging 49 Virus Receptors: Recognition and Binding 53 Other Interactions of the Virus Capsid with the Host Cell 53 Summary 54 Further Reading 54
vContents Chapter 3 Genomes 56 The Structure and Complexity of Virus Genomes Molecular Genetics 59 Virus Genetics Virus Mutants Suppression Genetic Interactions between Viruses Nongenetic Interactions between Viruses 87 Large'DNA Genomes 73 Small'DNA Genomes Positive-Strand rna viruses Negative-Strand RNA Viruses Segmented and Multipartite Virus Genomes Reverse Transcription and Transposition Evolution and Epidemiology 呢0 Further Reading Chapter 4 Replication 1 Overview of Virus Replication Investigation of Virus Replication 184 The Replication Cycle 10 Further Reading Chapter 5 Expression Expression of Genetic Information 81 Control of Prokaryote Gene Expression Control of Expression in Bacteriophage A Control of Eukaryote Gene Expression 138 Transcriptional Co ntrol of Expression Posttranscriptional Control of Expression Further Reading 164 Chapter 6 Infection Virus Infections of Plants 18 Immune Responses to Virus Infections in Animals Viruses and Apoptosis Interferons Evasion of Immune Responses by Viruses 181 Virus-Host Interactions 183
Chapter 3 Genomes 56 The Structure and Complexity of Virus Genomes 56 Molecular Genetics 59 Virus Genetics 62 Virus Mutants 64 Suppression 67 Genetic Interactions between Viruses 68 Nongenetic Interactions between Viruses 71 ‘Large’ DNA Genomes 73 ‘Small’ DNA Genomes 75 Positive-Strand RNA Viruses 78 Negative-Strand RNA Viruses 82 Segmented and Multipartite Virus Genomes 84 Reverse Transcription and Transposition 87 Evolution and Epidemiology 98 Summary 101 Further Reading 101 Chapter 4 Replication 102 Overview of Virus Replication 102 Investigation of Virus Replication 104 The Replication Cycle 108 Summary 129 Further Reading 129 Chapter 5 Expression 131 Expression of Genetic Information 131 Control of Prokaryote Gene Expression 132 Control of Expression in Bacteriophage l 133 Control of Eukaryote Gene Expression 138 Transcriptional Control of Expression 150 Posttranscriptional Control of Expression 155 Summary 163 Further Reading 164 Chapter 6 Infection 165 Virus Infections of Plants 166 Immune Responses to Virus Infections in Animals 169 Viruses and Apoptosis 174 Interferons 177 Evasion of Immune Responses by Viruses 181 Virus–Host Interactions 183 viii Contents
Contents ix The Course of Virus Infections 192 Virus Vectors and Gene Therapy 199 Chemotherapy of Virus Infections Summary 20% Further Reading 20 Chapter 7 Pathogenesis 208 Mechanisms of Cellular Injury 2 Viruses and Immunodeficiency 212 Virus-Related Diseases 22 Bacteriophages and Human Disease Cell Transformation by Viruses Viruses and Cancer New and Emergent Viruses 6 Zoonoses 2 Bioterrorism Summary Further Reading 248 Chapter 8 Subviral Agents:Genomes without Viruses, Viruses without Genomes 249 Satellites and Viroids 249 Prions 2 Summary Further Reading 287 Appendix 1 Glossary and Abbreviations 269 Appendix 2 Classification of Subcellular Infectious Agents 281 Appendix 3 The History of Virology Index 300
The Course of Virus Infections 192 Virus Vectors and Gene Therapy 199 Chemotherapy of Virus Infections 200 Summary 206 Further Reading 206 Chapter 7 Pathogenesis 208 Mechanisms of Cellular Injury 210 Viruses and Immunodeficiency 212 Virus-Related Diseases 221 Bacteriophages and Human Disease 224 Cell Transformation by Viruses 225 Viruses and Cancer 236 New and Emergent Viruses 240 Zoonoses 246 Bioterrorism 247 Summary 248 Further Reading 248 Chapter 8 Subviral Agents: Genomes without Viruses, Viruses without Genomes 249 Satellites and Viroids 249 Prions 253 Summary 267 Further Reading 267 Appendix 1 Glossary and Abbreviations 269 Appendix 2 Classification of Subcellular Infectious Agents 281 Appendix 3 The History of Virology 294 Index 300 Contents ix
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION In addition to complete updating,this edition of Principles of Moleclar Virology con tains a number of additions to the text and illustrations;for example,new infor- mation on topics such as SARS and bioterrorism.However,most changes have been made to the enclosed CD.In addition to complete reformatting.the content has been completely revised and we have been able to include for the first time a series of animations covering important topics such as capsid symmetry,virus repli- cation and immune recognition and killing of virus-infected cells.There is also a new interactive self-assessment quiz for each chapter so you can judge for yourself your knowledge of virology. I would like to extend my thanks to the staff of Elsevier for their assistance during the preparation of the book.I am confident that readers will find this edition as useful as the previous ones. Alan I.Cann University of Leicester,UK alan.cam @leicester.ac.uk April 2005
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION In addition to complete updating, this edition of Principles of Molecular Virology contains a number of additions to the text and illustrations; for example, new information on topics such as SARS and bioterrorism. However, most changes have been made to the enclosed CD. In addition to complete reformatting, the content has been completely revised and we have been able to include for the first time a series of animations covering important topics such as capsid symmetry, virus replication and immune recognition and killing of virus-infected cells. There is also a new interactive self-assessment quiz for each chapter so you can judge for yourself your knowledge of virology. I would like to extend my thanks to the staff of Elsevier for their assistance during the preparation of the book. I am confident that readers will find this edition as useful as the previous ones. Alan J. Cann University of Leicester, UK alan.cann@leicester.ac.uk April 2005