Four pathways of [H removing from substrate remove- transfer. receive 「cH,C FD EMP HMP THJ IHI 2o2 or organic or inorganic oxide) H ADP ATP Hz0(organic or inorganic deoxide) TCA [H] UHI
remove transfer receive （or organic or inorganic oxide） （organic or inorganic deoxide） Four pathways of [H] removing from substrate
Key notes (2) Most microbes utilize the glycolytic(糖酵解) pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose. The products of this pathway are pyruvate, which can be further metabolized via the citric acid cycle, forming adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(烟酰胺腺嘌呤核苷酸NADH+H.)This pathway is located in the cytoplasm of microbes and can function in the presence or absence of oxygen. Glycolysis(EMP pathway)
Most microbes utilize the glycolytic（糖酵解） pathway for the catabolism of carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose. The products of this pathway are pyruvate, which can be further metabolized via the citric acid cycle, forming adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (烟酰胺腺嘌呤核苷酸NADH + H+ . ） This pathway is located in the cytoplasm of microbes and can function in the presence or absence of oxygen. Key notes(2) Glycolysis(EMP pathway)
Key notes ( 3) The bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Rhizobium 根瘤菌) and Agrobacter(农杆菌) substitute the Entner-Doudoroff pathway for the glycolytic pathway. This pathway is not as efficient in producing energy, with 1 mole of ATP being formed for each mole of glucose metabolized The ED pathway
The bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Rhizobium （根瘤菌） and Agrobacter （农杆菌）substitute the Entner-Doudoroff pathway for the glycolytic pathway. This pathway is not as efficient in producing energy, with 1 mole of ATP being formed for each mole of glucose metabolized. Key notes (3) The ED pathway
Key notes(4) The pentose phos phate pathway or hexose monophosphate pathway may operate at the same time as glycolysis or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway This pathway can also operate either in the presence or absence of oxygen. The pentose phosphate pathway is an important source of energy in many microorganisms; however, its major role would seem to be for biosynthesis. The basic outline of this pathway is shown in the Fig. The pathway produces NADPH pentose phosphate pathway(HMP
The pentose phosphate pathway or hexose monophosphate pathway may operate at the same time as glycolysis or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. This pathway can also operate either in the presence or absence of oxygen. The pentose phosphate pathway is an important source of energy in many microorganisms; however, its major role would seem to be for biosynthesis. The basic outline of this pathway is shown in the Fig. The pathway produces NADPH . Key notes (4) pentose phosphate pathway (HMP)
Key notes(4) The pentose phosphate pathway(戊糖磷酸途径) produces NADPH +H+ and sugars (4 C, 5 C). These N are required for many synthetic reactions. When organisms are growing on a pentose (5 C) sugar, the pathway can be used to produce carbohydrates for cell-wall synthesis Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 磷酸甘油醛) formed by the pathway can be used to generate energy by glycolysis or by the Entner Doudoroff pathway pentose phosphate pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway（戊糖磷酸途径） produces NADPH +H+ and sugars (4 C, 5 C). These are required for many synthetic reactions. When organisms are growing on a pentose (5 C) sugar, the pathway can be used to produce carbohydrates for cell-wall synthesis. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (三 磷酸甘油醛)formed by the pathway can be used to generate energy by glycolysis or by the EntnerDoudoroff pathway. Key notes (4) pentose phosphate pathway