I 8 anduy 8 HLdVHO OIDOT HH(HO-LSHIH
logic First-order 8 Chapter 1 8 Chapter
TO」u!PJoM sndwnM◇ s3uus4Mung◇ 7O」Jo sonuewas pue xequks◇ 7O为4M◇ ourino
Outline OL? F Why ♦ OL F of semantics and Syntax ♦ sentences with un F ♦ OL F in rld ow umpus W ♦ 2 8 Chapter
g anduy auenbs ypea joy aouaquas auo gullm Kq qdaoxa saenbs quaoelpe ul sazaalq asneo sild,,Kes nouue (enuel lenneu ay!jun) Mod aA!ssaudxa palw!l Kan sey 1o leuo!sodold (nxenuoo uo spuadap Sulueaw aueyM'aBenguel jeunneu ay!jun) quopuadopu!-xoquo s!o Jeuonsodod u!BulueaW jo pue I'g yo 3ulueaw woy panuap s!VI'Ig yo 3ulueaw :Teuoyasodwo s!Jeuonsodold (saseqerep pue saungons erep asow ay!jun) uonewoju!paeau/anunfs!P/jemed sMolleo euosodold se0 puodsauo xeuks Jo saald :Aerelop s!o euosodold ol leuorqsodoId Jo suoo pue sod
logic ositional prop of cons and Pros facts to ond rresp co syntax of pieces : e declarativ is logic ositional Prop rmation info rtial/disjunctive/negated pa ws allo logic ositional Prop databases) and structures data most e (unlik : ositional comp is logic ositional Prop 2, 1 P of and 1, 1 B of meaning from derived is 2, 1 P ∧1, 1 B of meaning t enden text-indep con is logic ositional rop p in Meaning context) on ends dep meaning where language, natural e (unlik er wop ressive exp limited very has logic ositional Prop language) natural e (unlik res” squa adjacent in reezes b cause “pits y sa cannot E.g., re squa each r fo sentence one writing yb except 3 8 Chapter
0 pua'uet4H3ou∂uo'go 3uluu!ply 'pual13 q 'Jo jay4e:suoI4pun时● ·,‘u33M1qs3W0 sumo 'aye p3un0‘o1o)sey0μed3 pisul‘uey1881q0a41oq .·p31μo1s1nw3wud‘sn3oq‘puno1‘p3/:suo4eH● ·sa1 unqua3‘seM‘s3ue8 lleqaseq 'so1o)‘PleuogoW pleuoy‘s3lμoy1‘siaqwnu's3snoy1do9d:s1p3qO● sulenuoo puom ayn sewnsse (a3enguel leuneu ay!)13o]JepJo-is sqoe]sulequoo pjom sawnsse 513o jeuollsodod seajayM 51oI IopIo-SIIH
logic First-order , facts contains rld ow assumes logic ositional rop p Whereas contains rld ow the assumes language) natural e (lik logic rder first-o rs, colo McDonald, Ronald ries, theo ers, numb houses, eople, p : Objects • . . . centuries rs, a w games, baseball ,. . . ried multisto rime, p ogus, b round, red, : Relations • wns, o after, ccurred o r, colo has of, rt pa inside, than, bigger of, rother b . . . een, wet b comes of end than, re mo one of, inning third friend, est b of, father : unctions F • . . . 4 8 Chapter
g8 duo anjen enjaqul uMouy yin jo aagap spe I8o1人zznJ q0338p sipej 人uo3y1KI9eqo1d uMouyun/as]ej/an sau1suo14eIP‘s2p3fq0‘s1ey 51o jejodwaL uMouyun/as]ej/an suo11e1‘s2pafq0‘s1ey 18o1p0-1s1」 umouyun/asjej/an sioej 1o Jeuonsodod quewnlwwo) quawlwwo) 1e318o1oua1s1d与 le1ojouO aen3ue TeJoua8 uI SoIo
general in Logics Epistemological Ontological Language Commitment Commitment wn true/false/unkno facts logic ositional Prop wn true/false/unkno relations objects, facts, logic rder First-o wn true/false/unkno times relations, objects, facts, logic ral o emp T elief b of degree facts ry theo y Probabilit value interval wn kno truth of degree + facts logic uzzy F 5 8 Chapter