Figure 4.14 Stage I HOCH2 POCH2 D POCH2 ATP C=0 POCH2O H2COH PoCH20、H2Cp H2COH 2 NAD+ OH HO OH 2 OH OH 3 H OH OH OH OH HO H HC-O Glucose HC-OHs 6 Stage ll H2CO P 20 20 20 20 2 0=C 10 9 0=C 0=C 7 0=C-0p 0=C PO-C OH-C-H OH-C-H◆ CH3 CH, HO-CH2 PO-CH2 POCH2 F Pyruvate 2ATP 2 ATP +2 NADH,- 112 lactate Stage Ill 2 Pyruvate 1213 2 ethanol +2 CO2 Intermediates 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Enzymes 7Phosphoglycerokinase A Glucose 6-P G 3-P-Glycerate ①Hexokinase 8Phosphoglyceromutase B Fructose 6-P H2-P-Glycerate 2Isomerase 9 Enolase C Fructose 1,6-P ① Phosphoenolpyruvate 3Phosphofructokinase 10 Pyruvate kinase D Dihydroxyacetone-P 4 Aldolase 11 Lactate dehydrogenase EGlyceraldehyde-3-P 5Triosephosphate isomerase 12 Pyruvate decarboxylase Energetics 6 Glyceraldehyde-3-P 13 Alcohol dehydrogenase Yeast Glucose→2 ethanol+ -239kJ dehydrogenase 2C02 Lactic acid bacteria Glucose-2 lactate -196kJ 2012 Pearson Education,Inc
Figure 4.14 Stage I Stage II Stage III Glucose Pyruvate 2 Pyruvate 2 lactate 2 ethanol 2 CO2 Energetics Yeast Lactic acid bacteria Intermediates Glucose 6-P Fructose 6-P Fructose 1,6-P Dihydroxyacetone-P Glyceraldehyde-3-P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 3-P-Glycerate 2-P-Glycerate Phosphoenolpyruvate Enzymes Hexokinase Isomerase Phosphofructokinase Aldolase Triosephosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase Phosphoglycerokinase Phosphoglyceromutase Enolase Pyruvate kinase Lactate dehydrogenase Pyruvate decarboxylase Alcohol dehydrogenase © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc
Stage l:Preparatory reactions Production of 3 major stages of Glycolysis glyceraldehyde-3-P AT P ADP AT P ADP Stage I: Glucose Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Glucose-6- Fructose-6- p Fructose-1,6- reactions do Aldolase Stage ll:Oxidation Glyceraldehyde-3-P not involve Making ATP; Glyceraldehyde-3-P making pyruvate dehydrogenase 2 →Electrons→2NADt oxidation- 2 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2NADH reduction and 2 ADP Phosphoglycerokinase 2AT P do not release 2 3-Phosphoglycerate 2 2-Phosphoglycerate P energy but Enolase produce 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate P 2 ADP glyceraldehyd Pyruvate kinase 2AT P e 3-phosphate Stage Ill:Reduction Making 2 Pyruvate- NADH Pyruvate:Formate lyase fermentation 甘油醛-3-磷酸 products Lactate NAD+ Pyruvate Acetate+formate dehydrogenase decarboxylase Formate Lactate Acetaldehyde C02 hydrogenlyase 的产生 NADH Alcohol H2+C02 dehydrogenase NAD+ Ethanol
Stage I: reactions do not involve oxidationreduction and do not release energy but produce glyceraldehyd e 3-phosphate. 甘油醛-3-磷酸 的产生 3 major stages of Glycolysis
Stage l:Preparatory reactions Production of 3 major stages of Glycolysis glyceraldehyde-3-P AT P ADP AT P ADP Stage II: Glucose Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Glucose-6- Fructose-6- Fructose-1,6-P oxidation- Aldolase reduction Stage ll:Oxidation Glyceraldehyde-3-P Making ATP; Glyceraldehyde-3-P making pyruvate dehydrogenase →Electrons→2NADt occurs, 2 P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2NADH 2 ADP energy is Phosphoglycerokinase 2AT P conserved in 2 3-Phosphoglycerate the form of 2 2-Phosphoglycerate P Enolase ATP,and 2 中 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate P 2 ADP pyruvate are Pyruvate kinase 2AT P Stage Ill:Reduction formed.产 Making 2 Pyruvate- NADH Pyruvate:Formate lyase fermentation products Lactate NAD+ Pyruvate Acetate+formate 生两个丙酮 dehydrogenase decarboxylase Formate Lactate Acetaldehyde × C02 hydrogenlyase 酸 NADH Alcohol H2+C02 dehydrogenase NAD+ Ethanol
Stage II: oxidationreduction occurs, energy is conserved in the form of ATP, and 2 pyruvate are formed. 产 生两个丙酮 酸 3 major stages of Glycolysis
Stage l:Preparatory reactions Production of 3 major stages of Glycolysis glyceraldehyde-3-P AT P ADP AT P ADP Glucose Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Glucose-6- Fructose-6- Fructose-1,6-P Stage III:a Aldolase second Stage ll:Oxidation Glyceraldehyde-3-P Making ATP; Glyceraldehyde-3-P oxidation- making pyruvate dehydrogenase →Electrons→2NADt reduction 2 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2NADH 2 ADP reaction Phosphoglycerokinase 2AT P 2 3-Phosphoglycerate occurs and 2 2-Phosphoglycerate P fermentation Enolase products are 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate P 2 ADP formed.形成发 Pyruvate kinase 2AT P Stage Ill:Reduction Making 2 Pyruvate- 酵产物 NADH Pyruvate:Formate lyase fermentation products Lactate NAD+ Pyruvate Acetate+formate dehydrogenase decarboxylase Formate Lactate Acetaldehyde × C02 hydrogenlyase NADH Alcohol H2+C02 dehydrogenase Glycolysis Flash NAD+ Ethanol
Stage III: a second oxidationreduction reaction occurs and fermentation products are formed.形成发 酵产物 3 major stages of Glycolysis Glycolysis Flash
First Redox Reaction of Glycolysis NAD+first gets two hydrogen atoms from Glyceraldehyde- 3-P(oxidized)to become NADH(reduced) This oxidation-reduction produces some energy which is first conserved in the substrate as high energy bond and then transferred to adP to form aTP Stage I:Preparatory reactions Production of glyceraldehyde-3-P AT P ADP AT P ADP Glucose Hexokinase Glucose-6- Fructose-6- Phosphofructokinase P Fructose-1,6-P Aldolase Stage ll:Oxidation 2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P Making ATP; Glyceraldehyde-3-P making pyruvate dehydrogenase 2 →Electrons→2NAD* 2P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate P 2NADH 2 ADP Phosphoglycerokinase 2AT P 2 3-Phosphoglycerate
First Redox Reaction of Glycolysis NAD+ first gets two hydrogen atoms from Glyceraldehyde- 3-P(oxidized) to become NADH (reduced) This oxidation-reduction produces some energy which is first conserved in the substrate as high energy bond and then transferred to ADP to form ATP