上降充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2.In t the mechanism by which ATP is synthesized: In fermentation,ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.发酵：底物水平磷酸化 ATP is synthesized during steps in the catabolism of an organic compound. In respiration,ATP is produced by oxidative- phosphorylation.呼吸：氧化磷酸化 ATP is produced at the expense of the proton motive force. Photophosphorylation,occurs in photosynthetic organisms,but its basic mechanism is similar to that of oxidative phosphorylation.光合磷酸化 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2. In the mechanism by which ATP is synthesized: In fermentation, ATP is produced by substrate- level phosphorylation.发酵:底物水平磷酸化 • ATP is synthesized during steps in the catabolism of an organic compound. In respiration, ATP is produced by oxidativephosphorylation.呼吸:氧化磷酸化 • ATP is produced at the expense of the proton motive force. Photophosphorylation, occurs in photosynthetic organisms, but its basic mechanism is similar to that of oxidative phosphorylation.光合磷酸化
ATP production during fermentation B Pi B-P c回 ADP D+ATP (a) Substrate-level phosphorylation In fermentation,ATP synthesis occurs as a result of substrate- level phosphorylation;a phosphate group gets added to some intermediate in the biochemical pathway where it becomes a 'high-energy'phosphate group and eventually gets transferred to ADP to form ATP
ATP production during fermentation In fermentation, ATP synthesis occurs as a result of substratelevel phosphorylation; a phosphate group gets added to some intermediate in the biochemical pathway where it becomes a ‘high-energy’ phosphate group and eventually gets transferred to ADP to form ATP
ATP production during respiration Energized membrane ++++++十+ ADP Less energized membrane (b)Oxidative phosphorylation In respiration,the cytoplasmic membrane,energized by the proton motive force,dissipates some of that energy in the formation of ATP from ADP.The coupling of the proton motive force to ATP synthesis occurs by way of ATP synthase(ATPase)
ATP production during respiration In respiration, the cytoplasmic membrane, energized by the proton motive force, dissipates some of that energy in the formation of ATP from ADP. The coupling of the proton motive force to ATP synthesis occurs by way of ATP synthase (ATPase)
上泽充通大￥ Glycolysis as an example of fermentation 糖酵解 Fermentation-internally balanced redox reaction Glucose can be oxidized by being coupled to the reduction of pyruvate generated from itself No externally electron acceptor ATP is formed via substrate-level phosphorylation Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 4.9 Glycolysis as an example of fermentation 糖酵解 Fermentation-internally balanced redox reaction • Glucose can be oxidized by being coupled to the reduction of pyruvate generated from itself • No externally electron acceptor • ATP is formed via substrate-level phosphorylation
上帝充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 4.9.1G引ycolysis糖酵解 Glycolysis can be divided into three major stages: Stage I:a series of preparatory rearrangements, reactions that do not involve oxidation-reduction and do not release energy but produce glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.甘油醛-3-磷酸的产生 Stage II:oxidation-reduction occurs,energy is conserved in the form of ATP,and 2 pyruvate are formed.产生两个丙酮酸 Stage III:a second oxidation-reduction reaction occurs and fermentation products are formed.形成发 酵产物 Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 4.9.1 Glycolysis 糖酵解 Stage I: a series of preparatory rearrangements, reactions that do not involve oxidation-reduction and do not release energy but produce glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.甘油醛-3-磷酸的产生 Stage II: oxidation-reduction occurs, energy is conserved in the form of ATP, and 2 pyruvate are formed. 产生两个丙酮酸 Stage III: a second oxidation-reduction reaction occurs and fermentation products are formed.形成发 酵产物 Glycolysis can be divided into three major stages: