1. Reasons for Issuance of Long￾Term Liabilities Debt financing may be the only availablesource of funds. Debt financing may have a lower cost. Debt financing offers an income taxadvantage. The voting privilege is not shared. Debt financing offers the opportunity forleverage

1. Conceptual Overview of Liabilities Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a company to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transactions or events

There is generally a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the future benefits that may be derived. Their value is subject to wider fluctuations because it may depend to a considerable extent on competitive conditions

Intermediate Accounting 8 Property, Plant And Equipment I. Classification as property, plant and equipment To be included in the property, plant, and equipment category, an asset must have three characteristics:

1. Classifications of inventory Intermediate Accounting 7 Inventories Inventories are the assets of a company which are :

1. Accounting for cash Intermediate Accounting 6 Cash and Receivables Cash is the resources on hand to meet planned expenditures and emergency situations

1. Conceptual overview and uses of the Statement of Cash Flows Intermediate Accounting 5 The Statement of Cash Flows A statement of cash flows is a financial statement of a company that shows the cash inflows, cash outflows, and net change in cash from its operating, investing, and financing activities during an accounting period, in a manner that reconciles the company's beginning and ending cash balances

1. Concepts of income Intermediate Accounting 4 The Income Statement and Income Recognition Capital Maintenance Concept Under this concept, corporate income for a period of time is the amount that may be paid to stockholders during that period and still enable the corporation to be as well off at the end of the period as it was at the beginning

An item of information to be recognized as an element (i.e. formally recorded and reported in the body of the financial statements), an item must

1. FASB conceptual framework FASB was given two charges: To develop a conceptual framework ofaccounting theory. To establish standards (GAAP) for financialaccounting practices