1) orally, conveniently carried, readily identified, and easily taken 2) compared with equivalent doses of a liquid medication, accurate dosing, most tasteless when swallowed 3) readily identified 4) Prescribing flexibility (a variety of dosage strengths) 5) from a pharmaceutic standpoint, solid dosage forms are • efficiently and productively manufactured • packaged and shipped by manufacturers at lower cost and with less breakage than comparable liquid forms • more stable, have a longer shelf-life than their liquid counterparts

• Introduction • The characteristics of the biotech products • Techniques used to produce biotechnologic products • The pharmaceutical concerns of biotech drug • Products of Biotechnology • The future of the biotech products

I. Factors affecting percutaneous absorption II. Percutaneous absorption enhancer III. Design features of transdermal drug delivery system IV. Percutaneous absorption model V. Advantages and disadvantages of TDDSs VI. Examples of transdermal drug deliver systems VII. General clinical considerations in the use of TDDSs

1. Types of tablets 2. Compressed tablets 3. Chewable tablets 4. Molded tablets 5. Tablet coating 6. Impact of manufacturing changes on solid dosage forms 7. Official and commercially available tablets 8. Packaging and storing tablet

1. Drug discovery and drug design 2. Biological characterization 3. Early formulation studies 4. The investigational New Drug (IND) Application(研究性新药申请） 5. The New Drug Application (NDA)

Injections Small volume parenterals Large volume parenterals Special considerations associated with parenteral therapy Other injectable products-pellets or implants Irrigation and dialysis solutions

◼ Suspensions （混悬剂） ◼ Emulsions （乳剂） ◼ Gels and magmas （凝胶剂和乳浆剂） ◼ Proper administration and use of disperse systems （分散体系的正确给药和使用） ◼ Aerosols （气雾剂）

1. Solubility 2. Some Solvents for Liquid Preparations 3. Preparation of Solutions 4. Oral Solutions and Preparations for Oral Solution 5. Syrups 6. Elixirs 7. Tinctures 8. Proper Administration and Use of Liquid Peroral Dosage Forms 9. Topical Solutions and Tinctures 10. Vaginal and Rectal Solutions 11. Topical Tinctures 12. Topical Oral (Dental) Solutions 13. Miscellaneous Solutions 14. Nonaqueous Solutions 15. Extraction Methods for Preparing Solutions

1. Suppositories 2. Some factors of drug absorption from rectal suppositories 3. Suppository bases 4. Preparation of suppositories 5. Rectal suppositories 6. Vaginal suppositories 7. Packaging and storage 8. Vaginal inserts

I. Ointments II. Compendial requirements for ointments III. Creams IV. Gels V. Miscellaneous semisolid preparations: pastes and plasters VI. Features and use of dermatologic preparations VII. Features and use of ophthalmic ointments and gels VIII. Features and use of nasal ointments and gels IX. Features and use of rectal preparations X. Features and use of vaginal preparations