定义 postpartum hemorrhage 胎儿娩出后24消失内出血量超过500ml 者称为产后出血。 目前此定义暂适用于剖宫产和平产,但 存在争议

妊娠滋养细胞疾病:来源于胎盘绒毛滋养细胞 的疾病,包括葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌和 一类少见的胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤

A prolapse is a downward or forward displacement of one of the pelvic organs from its normal location. *A variety of terms are used to describe female genital prolapse. *A cystocele is a downward displacement of the bladder. *A cystourethrocele is a cystocele that imcludes the urethra as part of the prolapsing organ complex

Normal Pregnancy Pregnand The course that the embryo and the fetus grow in the maternal body Stages f pregnancy Early pregnancy: $12 weeks Mid pregnancy:≥13 weeks,≤27 weeks Late pregnancy: 228 weeks Term pregnancy:≥37 weeks,<42 weeks

Definition of pregnancy Pregnancy is defined as the course of embryo and fetal growth and development in uterine It begain at the fertilization and end the delivery of the fetal and it's attachment

定义 孕28周后,胎盘附于子宫下段,甚至胎盘下缘 达到或覆盖宫颈内口,位置低于胎儿先露部 ,称为前置胎盘

Incidence and Prevalence: Increase significantly Range from 1~50% General population: 1~2% Infertile women: 30~50% Occurs primarily in women in 25~45s

病因 一、影响因素 早婚早育、过早性生活、密产多产、 经济状况、种族、地理环境等 高危男子一阴茎癌、前列腺癌、前妻曾患宫颈 癌 二、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)(HPV-16和/或18型) 单纯疱疹病毒型 人巨细胞病毒

Dystocia literally means difficult labor and it is characterized by abnormally slow progress of labor It is the consequence of four distinct abnormalities that may exist singly or combination

Definition Preterm Labor: Labor occurring prior to the completion of 37 weeks' of gestation (228 weeks), or 196-258 days from the last menstrual period (LMP)