Human error, poor laboratory techniques and misuse of equipment cause the majority of laboratory injuries and work-related infections. This chapter provides a compendium of technical methods that are designed to avoid or minimize the most commonly reported problems of this nature

As aerosols are important sources of infection, care should be taken to reduce the extent of their formation and dispersion Hazardous aerosols can be generated by many laboratory operations, e.g. blending, mixing, grinding, shaking, stirring, sonicating and centrifuging of infectious materials. Even when safe equipment is used, it is best to carry out these operations in an approved biological safety cabinet whenever possible

The Laboratory biosafety manual has in the past focused on traditional biosafety guidance for laboratories. The manual emphasizes the use of good microbiological work practices, appropriate containment equipment, proper facility design, operation and maintenance, and administrative considerations to minimize the risk of worker injury or illness. In following these recommendations, the risk to the environment and surrounding community-at-large is also minimized

Laboratory/facility commissioning may be defined as the systematic review and documentation process signifying that specified laboratory structural components, systems and/or system components have been installed, inspected, functionally tested and verified to meet national or international standards, as appropriate

Chapter 6. Laboratory animal facilities Those who use animals for experimental and diagnostic purposes have a moral obligation to take every care to avoid causing them unnecessary pain or suffering. The animals must be provided with comfortable, hygienic housing and adequate wholesome food and water At the end of the experiment they must be dealt with in a humane manner

The containment laboratory Biosafety Level 3 is designed and provided for work with Risk group 3 microorganisms and with large volumes or high concentrations of risk group 2 microorganisms that pose an increased risk of aerosol spread

The employing authority, through the la boratory director, is responsible for ensuring that there is adequate surveillance of the health of laboratory personnel. The objective of such surveillance is to monitor for occupationally acquired diseases Appropriate activities to achieve these objectives are:

Risk Group 1 (no or low individual and community risk): A microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease. ORisk Group

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella These bacteria are primarily passed among animals, and they cause disease in many different vertebrates Various Brucella species affect sheep, goats, cattle, deer, elk, pigs, dogs, and several other animals Humans become infected by coming in contact witl animals or animal products that are contaminated with these bacteria

• 1.光分析法概述 • 2.电磁辐射和电磁波谱 • 3.光分析法的分类 • 4.光分析仪器的组成