Homo economicusⅴs Homo sociologicus Adam smith vs Emile durkheim Rational. outcome-oriented: social norm- oriented not outcome-oriented the former is supposed to be guided by instrumental rationality while the behavior of the latter is dictated by social norms. The former is pulled' by the prospect of future rewards, whereas the latter is pushed from behind by quasi-inertial rces
Homo economicus vs. Homo sociologicus • Adam Smith vs. Emile Durkheim • Rational, outcome-oriented; social normoriented, not outcome-oriented: • “the former is supposed to be guided by instrumental rationality, while the behavior of the latter is dictated by social norms. The former is ‘pulled’ by the prospect of future rewards, whereas the latter is ‘pushed from behind by quasi-inertial forces
Cont The former adapts to changing circumstances always on the lookout for improvement. The latter is insensitive to circumstances. sticking to the prescribed behavior even if new and apparently better options become available. The former is easily caricatured as self-contained, asocial atom and the latter as the mindless playing of social forces. Jon Elster, 1989, JEP
Cont’ • The former adapts to changing circumstances, always on the lookout for improvement. The latter is insensitive to circumstances, sticking to the prescribed behavior even if new and apparently better options become available. The former is easily caricatured as self-contained, asocial atom, and the latter as the mindless playing of social forces.” (Jon Elster, 1989, JEP)
为什么学习博弈论? 博弈论是有关“互动行为”( interactive ehavior)的科学 the rational side of social science. It develop a sort of umbrella, or unified field theory f methodologies that apply in principle to all interactive situations. (Aumann and Hart, 1992) It provides solid micro-foundations for the study of social structure and social change. Jon elster 1982)
为什么学习博弈论？ • 博弈论是有关“互动行为”(interactive behavior)的科学 • “A sort of umbrella, or unified field theory for the rational side of social science. It develops methodologies that apply in principle to all interactive situations.”(Aumann and Hart, 1992) • “It provides solid micro-foundations for the study of social structure and social change.”(Jon Elster, 1982)
Cont'd Nash equilibrium has had a fundamental and pervasive impact in economics and the social science which is comparable to that of the discovery of the dna double helix in the biological sciences. Nash formulated the basic vocabulary for a new language of economic analysis. (R Myerson, 1999,JEL More and more, the language of game theory has become the language of economics. more and more,pure theory came to mean game theory. (Faruk Gul, 1997,JEP
Cont’d • “Nash Equilibrium has had a fundamental and pervasive impact in economics and the social science which is comparable to that of the discovery of the DNA double helix in the biological sciences. Nash formulated the basic vocabulary for a new language of economic analysis.”(R. Myerson, 1999,JEL) • “More and more, the language of game theory has become the language of economics. More and more, ‘pure’ theory came to mean game theory.” (Faruk Gul, 1997, JEP)
博弈论的基本假设 理性假设( Rationality): agents are instrumentally rational 共同知识( common knowledge of rationality) Know the rules of the game
博弈论的基本假设 • 理性假设（Rationality）: agents are instrumentally rational; • 共同知识（common knowledge of rationality) • Know the rules of the game