LECTURE TW第二讲 x The First School in the Materialist Family x BEHAVIORISM x行为主义
LECTURE TWO 第二讲 The First School in the Materialist Family： BEHAVIORISM 行为主义
WHAT IS BEHAVIORISM mEthodological"behaviorism: Psychology is the science of behavior Psychology is not the science of mind x"Psychological" behaviorism: Behavior can be described and explained without making ultimate reference to mental events or to internal psychological processes. The sources of behavior are external (in the environment), not internal (in the mind, in the head) x"Analytical" behaviorism: In the course of theory development in psychology, if, somehow, mental terms or concepts are deployed in describing or explaining behavior, then either(a) these terms or concepts should be eliminated and replaced by behavioral terms or(b) they can and should be translated or paraphrased into behavioral concepts
WHAT IS BEHAVIORISM? “Methodological” behaviorism: Psychology is the science of behavior. Psychology is not the science of mind. “Psychological” behaviorism: Behavior can be described and explained without making ultimate reference to mental events or to internal psychological processes. The sources of behavior are external (in the environment), not internal (in the mind, in the head). “Analytical” behaviorism: In the course of theory development in psychology, if, somehow, mental terms or concepts are deployed in describing or explaining behavior, then either (a) these terms or concepts should be eliminated and replaced by behavioral terms or (b) they can and should be translated or paraphrased into behavioral concepts
METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM x Methodological behaviorism is a normative theory about the scientific conduct of psychology x What should psychology like to be? x It claims that psychology should concern itself with the behavior of organisms(human and nonhuman animals). Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or with constructing internal information processing accounts of behavior. According to methodological behaviorism, reference to mental states, such as an animal's beliefs or desires, adds nothing to what psychology can and should understand about the sources of behavior. Mental states are private entities which, given the necessary publicity of science, do not form proper objects of empirical study. Methodological behaviorism is a dominant theme in the writings of John Watson (1878-1958)
METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM Methodological behaviorism is a normative theory about the scientific conduct of psychology. What should psychology like to be? It claims that psychology should concern itself with the behavior of organisms (human and nonhuman animals). Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or with constructing internal information processing accounts of behavior. According to methodological behaviorism, reference to mental states, such as an animal's beliefs or desires, adds nothing to what psychology can and should understand about the sources of behavior. Mental states are private entities which, given the necessary publicity of science, do not form proper objects of empirical study. Methodological behaviorism is a dominant theme in the writings of John Watson (1878–1958)
THE HERO FOR METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM x John broadus watson(约翰 华生, January9,1878 September 25, 1958)was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. Watson promote d a change In psychology through his address, Psychology as the Behaviorist views it. which was given at Columbia University in 1913. Through his behaviorist approach, Watson conducted research on animal behavior, child learning nd advertisin g
THE HERO FOR METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM John Broadus Watson (约翰• 华生，Janua r y 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. Watson p r o m o t e d a c h a n g e i n p s yc hol o g y t h r o u g h hi s address, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it, which w a s gi ve n at C ol umbi a University in 1913. Through his beha vio rist app roach, Watson conducted research on animal behavior, child learning, a n d a d v e r t i s i n g .
PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM x Psychological behaviorism is a research program within psychology x How can psychology be done? x It purports to explain human and animal behavior in terms of external physical stimuli, responses, learning histories, and (for certain types of behavior) reinforcements x Key Words:物理刺激,反应,学习历史,特定的行为强化 x Psychological behaviorism is present in the work of Ivan Pavlov(1849-1936), Edward Thorndike(1874-1949),as well as Watson. Its fullest and most influential expression is B. F Skinner's work on schedules of reinforcement
PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM Psychological behaviorism is a research program within psychology. How can psychology be done? It purports to explain human and animal behavior in terms of external physical stimuli, responses, learning histories, and (for certain types of behavior) reinforcements. Key Words:物理刺激， 反应， 学习历史， 特定的行为强化 Psychological behaviorism is present in the work of Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), Edward Thorndike (1874–1949), as well as Watson. Its fullest and most influential expression is B. F. Skinner's work on schedules of reinforcement