上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Peptidoglycan(张聚糖)isa3 D molecule Polysaccharide chains Peptidoglycan S-layer Lipoteichoic acid Neutral polysaccharide Teichoic acid (the glyean portion) NAG NAG NAM NAG NAG NAM NAG NAM NAG NAG NAM NAM NAG NAM NAM Peptide cross-links (the peptide portion) Cross links are both horizontal and vertical between glycan chains stacked atop one another
Peptidoglycan（肽聚糖） is a 3D molecule Cross links are both horizontal and vertical between glycan chains stacked atop one another
上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Resistance to penicillins Structural changes of penicillin binding protein (PBP)naturally PBP production caused by sensitive or inter-bacterial gene recombination Decrease of porin Hydrolysis by B-lactamases
Resistance to penicillins Structural changes of penicillin binding protein (PBP) naturally PBP production caused by sensitive or inter-bacterial gene recombination Decrease of porin Hydrolysis by β-lactamases
上游充通大 Ad小verse effects SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Allergic reactions Allergic shock,0.004%-0.04% 10%cross-sensitivity between penicillin-derivatives, cephalosporins,and carbapenems Inquiring history ofβ-lactam antibiotics use(没有用 过青霉素要不要做皮试？) √Skin test before use © Seizure-like reaction when intrathecally administrated in large amount (>20000 U)(seizure mode1)(inhibition of GABA synthesis,...)
Adverse effects Allergic reactions ü Allergic shock, 0.004%－0.04% ü 10% cross-sensitivity between penicillin-derivatives, cephalosporins, and carbapenems ü Inquiring history of β-lactam antibiotics use（没有用 过青霉素要不要做皮试？） ü Skin test before use Seizure-like reaction when intrathecally administrated in large amount (>20000 U) (seizure model) (inhibition of GABA synthesis, …)
上充通大学 Semi-synthetic penicillins SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Penicillin G Advantages disadvantages high efficacy acid-irresistant low toxicity B-lactamase-irresistant cheap narrow spectrum easy to use high allergic reactions
Semi-synthetic penicillins Penicillin G Advantages disadvantages －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ high efficacy acid-irresistant low toxicity β-lactamase-irresistant cheap narrow spectrum easy to use high allergic reactions －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY H2N、 H CH3 CH3 COOH 6-aminopenicillanic acid(6-APA,6-氨基青霉烷酸)
6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA, 6-氨基青霉烷酸）