★7Chapter6Diseases of the nervous systemVIMChapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system$Chapter Main ContentsConspectus Section 1 Encephalitis &Meningitis →Section 2 Heat stroke →Guangdong Ocean University
1 Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system Chapter Main Contents • Conspectus • Section 1 Encephalitis & Meningitis • Section 2 Heat stroke Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system
ZChapter6Diseases of thenervous systemVIM$ConspectusComposition:Thenervoussystemiscomposed of billions of neuronS神经元 withlong,interconnectingprocessesthatform complex integratedelectrochemical circuits.It is throughtheseneuronalcircuitsthatanimalsexperience sensations and respondappropriately.Guangdong Ocean University
2 Conspectus The nervous system is composed of billions of neurons神经元 with long, interconnecting processes that form complex integrated electrochemical circuits. It is through these neuronal circuits that animals experience sensations and respond appropriately. Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system
★ Chapter 6Diseases of thenervous systemVIMComposition---ContinuedNeuronal processes that transmit electrical alterations to the cellbody are called dendrites树突. Dendrites have receptor sites thatreceive stimulation or inhibition from outside sources. If electricalstimulation of the cell body reaches a critical threshold, anelectricaldischargecalledanactionpotential动作电位develops.Theaction potential spontaneouslytravels away fromthe cellbody along an outgoing process called an axon轴突. When theaction potential reaches the terminal branches of the axon,chemicalscalledneurotransmitters神经递质arereleased.Neurotransmitters either stimulate or inhibit receptor sites onother neurons, muscles, or glandsGuangdong Ocean University
3 l Neuronal processes that transmit electrical alterations to the cell body are called dendrites树突. Dendrites have receptor sites that receive stimulation or inhibition from outside sources. If electrical stimulation of the cell body reaches a critical threshold, an electrical discharge called an action potential动作电位develops. The action potential spontaneously travels away from the cell body along an outgoing process called an axon轴突. When the action potential reaches the terminal branches of the axon, chemicals called neurotransmitters神经递质 are released. Neurotransmitters either stimulate or inhibit receptor sites on other neurons, muscles, or glands. Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system
ZChapter6Diseases ofthenervous systemVIM中间神经元传入神经元传出神经元反射（反射弧）感受器→传入神经元效应器→中枢一→传出神经元感受器→效应器Guangdong Ocean University
4 Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system 反射（反射弧） 感受器→传入神经元 →中枢→传出神经元 →效应器
★7Chapter6Diseases of the nervous systemVIMMechanismsofDisease> Infections of the nervous system are due to specific virusesfungi,protozoa, bacteria, and algae.Nonspecific inflammationssuch as steroid类固醇-responsivemeningoencephalomyelitis脑膜脑脊髓炎 may be immune-mediated.≥ Toxicity of the nervous system is caused by organophosphates,pyrethrins拟除虫菊酯，carbamates氨基甲酸酯，andsedatives镇静剂.Metabolic alterations of nervous system function most commonlyresultfromhypoglycemia低血糖，hypoxiaoranoxia(组织)缺氧，hepatic dysfunction, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia,hypernatremia高钠血症，hypokalemia，anduremia尿毒症》Thiamine硫胺素(VB1)deficiencyresults inataxia共济失调，stupor恍，and coma or seizures突发(蜷缩) in dogs, cats, and cattle.Guangdong Ocean University
5 uMechanisms of Disease Ø Infections of the nervous system are due to specific viruses, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and algae. Nonspecific inflammations such as steroid类固醇-responsive meningoencephalomyelitis脑膜脑脊 髓炎 may be immune-mediated. Ø Toxicity of the nervous system is caused by organophosphates, pyrethrins拟除虫菊酯, carbamates氨基甲酸酯, and sedatives镇静剂. Ø Metabolic alterations of nervous system function most commonly result from hypoglycemia低血糖, hypoxia or anoxia(组织)缺氧, hepatic dysfunction, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypernatremia高钠血症, hypokalemia, and uremia尿毒症. Ø Thiamine硫胺素(VB1) deficiency results in ataxia共济失调, stupor恍惚, and coma or seizures突发(蜷缩) in dogs, cats, and cattle. Chapter 6 Diseases of the nervous system