478 International Organization 200 EK:81- 966I S3N 6610 $8 00 OnB-)NOINIO OY 8 的 的
TABLE 1. The effect of education on trade preferences across subsamples-NES data Survey NES 1992 NES 1996 Dependent variable TRADEOPINION (1 = favor protectionism; 0 = otherwise) TRADE OPINION (1 =favor protectionism; 0 = otherwise) Mean of dependent 0.67 0.52 variable Standard deviation 0.46 0.49 Currently Currently Currently Currently Full Currently in not in Currently in not in Full Currently in not in Full Currently in not in Subsample sample paid work paid work Retired Full sample paid work paid work Retired sample paid work paid work Retired sample paid work paid work Retired Model I Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 Model 5 Model 6 Model 7 Model 8 Model 9 Model 10 Model 11 Model 12 Model 13 Model 14 Model 15 Model 16 Panel A: Limited set of covariates' SCHOOLING -0.048*** -0.056*** -0.031*** -0.028** -0.058*** -0.058*** -0.044*** -0.044** (0.006) (0.008) (0.008) (0.011) (0.010) (0.012) (0.016) (0.017) JUNIOR HIGH -0.024 0.028 -0.056 -0.029 0.108 0.073 0.118 0.204** (0.087) (0.154) (0.100) (0.131) (0.139) (0.218) (0.134) (0.103) HIGH SCHOOL 0.028 0.051 0.016 0.070 0.036 0.007 0.065 0.042 (0.047) (0.070) (0.058) (0.091) (0.083) (0.128) (0.095) (0.110) HIGHER EDUCATION -0.109** -0.113 -0.079 -0.072 -0.035 -0.022 -0.079 -0.068 (0.051) (0.074) (0.068) (0.122) (0.085) (0.127) (0.109) (0.138) COLLEGE -0.317*** -0.289*** -0.355*** -0.398*** -0.307*** -0.282** -0.353*** -0.372** (0.053) (0.073) (0.098) (0.132) (0.078) (0.112) (0.119) (0.149) GRADUATE -0.315"** -0.305*** -0.259** -0.134 -0.348*** -0.315"** -0.365** -0.297 (0.061) (0.081) (0.113) (0.149) (0.075) (0.102) (0.163) (0.197) Observations 1604 1048 556 227 1563 1021 542 217 843 560 283 167 843 560 283 167 Log likelihood -962.64 -646.24 -308.66 -128.20 -922.08 -621.46 -293.76 -114.85 -533.13 -360.69 -164.87 -89.61 -519.93 -353.56 -158.73 -86.96 Pseudo R2 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.16
Education and International Trade 479 16010 0s001 000- 昌 100.00704007
Panel B: Extensive set of covariates2 SCHOOLING -0.049*** -0.057*** -0.032*** -0.025** -0.057*** -0.054*** -0.047*** -0.056*** (0.006) (0.008) (0.008) (0.012) (0.010) (0.012) (0.016) (0.017) JUNIOR HIGH -0.026 0.010 -0.076 -0.003 0.096 -0.017 0.144 0.196* (0.098) (0.165) (0.122) (0.131) (0.152) (0.237) (0.128) (0.103) HIGH SCHOOL 0.041 0.072 0.028 0.099 0.046 -0.007 0.083 0.031 (0.050) (0.078) (0.062) (0.092) (0.086) (0.128) (0.099) (0.117) HIGHER EDUCATION -0.097* -0.098 -0.057 -0.070 -0.015 -0.033 -0.034 -0.068 (0.055) (0.083) (0.069) (0.124) (0.089) (0.128) (0.114) (0.145) COLLEGE -0.298*** -0.260*** -0.342*** -0.347** -0.276*** -0.273** -0.307** -0.367** (0.058) (0.083) (0.103) (0.142) (0.083) (0.113) (0.131) (0.161) GRADUATE -0.301*** -0.286*** -0.234** -0.071 -0.329*** -0.316*** -0.303* -0.261 (0.065) (0.090) (0.115) (0.146) (0.080) (0.103) (0.182) (0.214) Observations 1501 989 512 213 1463 964 499 203 815 537 278 166 815 537 278 166 Log likelihood -892.72 -604.92 -277.42 -117.09 -856.56 -581.61 -264.24 -104.87 -508.42 -341.85 -158.43 -85.46 -498.29 -335.93 -154.19 -85.23 Pseudo R2 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.17 Notes: For probit estimations, coefficients are estimated marginal effects (aF/axk), that is, the marginal effect on Pr(y = 1), given a unit increase in the value of the relevant (continuous) regressor (Xk), holding all other regressors at their respective sample means. The discrete change in the probability is reported for binary regressors. Robust standard errors in parentheses. Each model includes a full set of controls of the respective covariates set (coefficients not shown here). Cases weighted by the respective NES sample weight (v923008 or v960003). *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. 1. Limited set of covariates includes age, gender, and race. 2. Extensive set of covariates includes age, gender, race, union membership, party identification, and ideology. For details of variables. See Scheve and Slaughter 2001a and 2001b