1.Conformational isomers These conformers can be superimposed by a simple roation along one ore more single bonds within the molecule.It should be noted,however,that conformers have usually different physico-chemical stabilities because of disturbances between two or several groups in space.A good example in this respect is butan. CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 Anomeric forms,i.e.the axial or equatorial orientation of atoms or groups in ring systems(a-or B-glucose for example)does also belong to the group of conform- ational isomers
1. Conformational isomers These conformers can be superimposed by a simple roation along one ore more single bonds within the molecule. It should be noted, however, that conformers have usually different physico-chemical stabilities because of disturbances between two or several groups in space. A good example in this respect is butan. CH3 H H CH3 H H CH3 H H H H CH3 Anomeric forms, i.e. the axial or equatorial orientation of atoms or groups in ring systems (a- or b- glucose for example) does also belong to the group of conformational isomers. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
Aldoses Ketoses Aldoses and ketoses are tautomeric forms,i.e.they are isomeric compounds differing only in the positon of a proton and the concomittant exchange of a chemical bond. c=0 H H H一 一OH H一C一OH C=0 H一C一OH H一C一OH H一C一OH H一C一OH H,C-OH H2C-OH D-Ribose D-Ribulose
Aldoses - Ketoses Aldoses and ketoses are tautomeric forms, i.e. they are isomeric compounds differing only in the positon of a proton and the concomittant exchange of a chemical bond. C C C C C O OH OH OH OH H H H H H2 C C C C C OH O OH OH OH H H H H H2 D - Ribose D - Ribulose
Mirror image Chirality
Chirality Mirror image
Chirality (Chemistry) In chemistry chirality (artificial word from the greak word xalp=hand)means the stereometric organization of atoms in a way that it cannot be superimposed to its mirror image.A chiral object and its mirror image are called enantiomers.Both enantiomers of a chiral molecule find its analogy in the left and the right hand. In organic chemistry,the easiest form of chirality is found if a C atom within a molecule has 4 different substituents.This C atom is called a stereo center, a chirality center or an asymmetric C atom
Chirality (Chemistry) In chemistry chirality (artificial word from the greak word χειρ = hand) means the stereometric organization of atoms in a way that it cannot be superimposed to its mirror image. A chiral object and its mirror image are called enantiomers. Both enantiomers of a chiral molecule find its analogy in the left and the right hand. In organic chemistry, the easiest form of chirality is found if a C atom within a molecule has 4 different substituents. This C atom is called a stereo center, a chirality center or an asymmetric C atom
light source Chiral molecules changing the angle of polarized light polarizer sample tube analyzer viewer
Chiral molecules changing the angle of polarized light