点 CHAPTER 10 LOIDYEREEDING Dept, of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
CHAPTER 10 PLOIDY BREEDING 倍性育种 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
8 1 Polyploidy in Plants 植物的多倍性 1.The Concept and Types of plant polyploid 169 (1)Plant Ploidy Ploidy Chrom's Genome Haploid n 1x.2x.3x monoploid In X Diploid 2n 2X.4x.6X. Polyploid 3x >3x
1.The Concept and Types of Plant Polyploidy p. 169 (1)Plant Ploidy: §1 Polyploidy in Plants 植物的多倍性 Ploidy Chrom’s Genome Haploid 1n 1x, 2x, 3x … monoploid 1n 1x Diploid 2n 2x, 4x, 6x … Polyploid > 3x >3x
Types of Polyploids in Plants Euploids Autopolyploids- Triploid 3x, Tetraploid 4x, Pentaploid 5X e.g. Potato(2x, 3x, 4x, 5x X=12); Sweet potato(2n=6x, 90) Allopolyploid- Tetraploid 4x, Hexaploid 6x, Octaploid &x, e.g. Watermelon(3x, seedless Autoallopolyploid- Pentaploid 5x, Hexaploid 6x, eg. Pheu pratense梯牧草(6x=42, AAAABB)
Types of Polyploids in Plants Euploids Autopolyploids – Triploid 3x, Tetraploid 4x, Pentaploid 5x, … e.g. Potato (2x, 3x, 4x, 5x x=12); Sweet potato (2n=6x, 90) Allopolyploid – Tetraploid 4x, Hexaploid 6x, Octaploid 8x, … e.g. Watermelon (3x, seedless) Autoallopolyploid – Pentaploid 5x, Hexaploid 6x, … e.g. Pheum pratense 梯牧草 (6x=42, AAAABB)
Aneuploids Monosomic(2n-1) Nullisomic(2n-2) Trisomic(2n +1) Tetrasomic(2n+2) 2. Origin and Evolution of polyploids Popularity of polyploidy in plant Kindom p 172 50% in angisperm plants被子植物 ab. 70%in grasses (Tab. 10-1, 2 p. 172-173) Natural origination egg(2n)+ Pollen(n)-Triploid-+Tetraploid (unreduced)(reduced) (selfing, backcrossing
Aneuploids Monosomic (2n-1） Nullisomic (2n-2) Trisomic (2n +1) Tetrasomic (2n+2） 2. Origin and Evolution of Polyploids ▪ Popularity of Polyploidy in Plant Kindom p. 172 > 50% in angisperm plants 被子植物 ab. 70% in grasses (Tab. 10-1, 2 p. 172-173) ▪ Natural Origination Egg (2n) + Pollen (n) Triploid Tetraploid (unreduced) (reduced) (selfing, backcrossing)
The evolution of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L)
▪ The evolution of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)