励Nd Dept, of Plant breeding and Seed Engineering
CHAPTER 13 BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES AND INSECT PESTS 抗病虫育种 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering
8 I The Significance of Breeding for Resistance to Diseases and Insect pests抗病虫育种的意义 1. Resistance of Crops to Diseases and Insect Pests (1) Disease and pest damages are popular in Crop Production Maior diseases in the main crops: Rice blast 稻瘟病 Maize leaf blight 玉米叶班病 Wheat rusts 小麦锈病 Rape stem rot 油菜茎腐病(菌核病)
§1 The Significance of Breeding for Resistance to Diseases and Insect Pests 抗病虫育种的意义 1. Resistance of Crops to Diseases and Insect Pests (1) Disease and pest damages are popular in Crop Production Major Diseases in the main crops: Rice blast 稻瘟病 Maize leaf blight 玉米叶班病 Wheat rusts 小麦锈病 Rape stem rot 油菜茎腐病（菌核病）
Important Insect Pests Rice straw borer稻螟 Maize straw borer玉米螟 Wheat aphids 麦蚜 Cotton ball borer棉铃虫
Important Insect Pests: Rice straw borer 稻螟 Maize straw borer 玉米螟 Wheat aphids 麦蚜 Cotton ball borer 棉铃虫
(2)Main kinds of pathogens in crops Fungi真菌; bacteria细菌; viruses病毒; viroids类病毒; nematodes线虫 large numbers of insect pests害虫 They are generally called biotic stresses or pests of plants
(2)Main kinds of pathogens in crops Fungi 真菌； bacteria 细菌； viruses 病毒； viroids 类病毒； nematodes 线虫 large numbers of insect pests 害虫 They are generally called biotic stresses or pests of plants
3) The Huge Loss of Yield in Crops due to Diseases and pests 1840-1845: Potato late blight in ireland 1970: E pidemic of maize leaf blight in USA 1950: Wheat yellow rust in China Whole World: 28-36billion USD in total 23-30 billion USD in Disease loss Leistinger, 1998, Loss per year in rice: 40mil Tons by fungal diseases; 26mil Tons by insects; 10mil. Tons by vIruses In China: 10-20% of the total yield of production
(3) The Huge Loss of Yield in Crops Due to Diseases and Pests • 1840-1845: Potato late blight in Ireland • 1970: Epidemic of maize leaf blight in USA • 1950: Wheat yellow rust in China • Whole World: 28-36billion USD in total 23-30 billion USD in Disease loss • Leistinger, 1998, Loss per year in rice: 40mil. Tons by fungal diseases; 26mil. Tons by insects; 10mil. Tons by viruses) • In China: 10-20% of the total yield of production