® ARM体系结构 (Advanced RISC Machines) 李曦 llxx@ustc.edu.cn
ARM体系结构 （Advanced RISC Machines） 李曦 llxx@ustc.edu.cn
内容提要 ® ·嵌入式处理器概述 ·处理器体系结构 ·ARM处理器架构与编程模型 ·Cortex M处理器
内容提要 • 嵌入式处理器概述 • 处理器体系结构 • ARM处理器架构与编程模型 • Cortex M处理器
知识范踌 Application programs ·Computing“stack'” -Applications Operating system Programming language Compiler Hardware -Runtime Pre-1990s. -Virtual machine EE cs IS -Operating system HARDWARE SOFTWARE BUSINESS Hypervisor Post-1990s: -Architecture EE CE cs SE Microarchitecture HARDWARE SOFTWARE ORGANIZATIONAL NE口EDS
知识范畴 • Computing “stack” – Applications – Programming language – Compiler – Runtime – Virtual machine – Operating system – Hypervisor – Architecture – Microarchitecture
Typical Architecture for RTS USTC 嵌入式系统虽然复杂，但通用处理器的设计经验会有很大帮助 Peripheral Bus DEBUG Port Non-volatile memory Custom Devices ·EPROM,FLASH,DISK ·ASIC Hybrid ·FPGA Microprocessor ·PAL 4.8.16.32.4 bit bus ·CISc,RISC,DSP Standard Devices Integrated peripherals Volatile Memory ·Debug/Test Port 1/0 Ports ·DRAM,SRAM ·Caches Peripheral Controllers ·Pipeline Hybrid Multiprocessing Systems Communication Devices ·Ethemet .RS-232 ·scsl ·Centronics System Clocks Proprietary RTC circuitry Software ·System clocks ·Application Code Integrated in uC ·Driver Code/BIOS ·Imported/Exported Microprocessor Bus Real Time Operating System ·Custom User Interface ·PCI Communications Protocol Stacks ·VME .C.C++,Assembly Language ·P℃-102 ·Legacy Code llxx@ustc.edu.cn 4/87
Typical Architecture for RTS llxx@ustc.edu.cn 4/87
Microprocessor types by applications 。 General-purpose Microprocessor -Desktop applications:X86,PowerPC Server applications ·科学和工程计算：Power1,Power2:,Powers3,Power4 ·数据库和事务处理：RS64,RS64-l,RS64-川 o Embedded Microprocessor: -focused on particular application area Microprocessors:Media,Graphic,Network and Communication ·Microcontrollers Digital Signal Processors (DSP) ·System on Chips(soc) Of todays microprocessors -95%go into embedded applications -50%of revenue stems from embedded systems llxx@ustc.edu.cn 5/87
• General-purpose Microprocessor – Desktop applications: X86、PowerPC – Server applications • 科学和工程计算:Power1, Power2, Power3, Power4 • 数据库和事务处理:RS64, RS64-II, RS64-III • Embedded Microprocessor: – focused on particular application area Microprocessor types by applications llxx@ustc.edu.cn 5/87 – focused on particular application area • Microprocessors: Media, Graphic, Network and Communication • Microcontrollers • Digital Signal Processors（DSP） • System on Chips(SoC) • Of todays microprocessors – 95% go into embedded applications – 50% of revenue stems from embedded systems