Chapter 6 Constructivism o 6.2 Historical roots of constructivism: o x the influence of philosophy o Socrates(470-399B. C): Knowledge is only perception. His approach essentially consisted of leading students through a series of questions in order to promote critical thinking. Popper(Karl R. Popper): the philosophy of science. o We can not confirm whether a theory is true by experience, but we can confirm whether it is false by experience Marx(k. Marx): the importance of one's subjectivity and social interactions
Chapter 6 Constructivism ⚫ 6.2 Historical roots of constructivism: ⚫ ＊the influence of philosophy: ⚫ Socrates(470-399B.C): Knowledge is only perception.His approach essentially consisted of leading students through a series of questions in order to promote critical thinking. ⚫ Popper(Karl R. Popper): the philosophy of science. ⚫ We can not confirm whether a theory is true by experience, but we can confirm whether it is false by experience. ⚫ Marx(K. Marx): the importance of one’s subjectivity and social interactions
Chapter 6 Constructivism 06.2 Historical roots of constructivism: o x the influence of psychology (Itop-down processing o Top-down means that students begin with complex problems to solve and then work out or discover(with the teachers guidance) the basic skills required. For example, the students might be asked to write compositions and only later learn about spelling, grammer, and punctuation. o Constructivist approaches emphasizing discovery, experimentation, and open-ended problems have been successfully applied in mathematics, reading and in other subjects
Chapter 6 Constructivism ⚫ 6.2 Historical roots of constructivism: ⚫ ＊the influence of psychology: ⚫ (1)top-down processing ⚫ Top-down means that students begin with complex problems to solve and then work out or discover(with the teacher’s guidance) the basic skills required. For example, the students might be asked to write compositions and only later learn about spelling, grammer, and punctuation. ⚫ Constructivist approaches emphasizing discovery, experimentation, and open-ended problems have been successfully applied in mathematics, reading and in other subjects
Chapter 6 Constructivism 06.2 Historical roots of constructivism (2)generative learning o A central assumption of constructivist approaches is that all learning is discovered,even if we tell students something, they must perform mental operations with information to make it their 0wn
Chapter 6 Constructivism ⚫ 6.2 Historical roots of constructivism: ⚫ (2)generative learning ⚫ A central assumption of constructivist approaches is that all learning is “discovered”,even if we tell students something, they must perform mental operations with information to make it their own