Chapter 12 Moral Development and moral trait Moral development is the process by which individuals acquire a sense of right and wrong, to use in evaluating their own actions and the actions of others
Chapter 12 Moral Development and Moral Trait Moral development is the process by which individuals acquire a sense of right and wrong, to use in evaluating their own actions and the actions of others
Chapter 12 Moral Development and moral trait 12.1 Piagets theory of moral development Piaget spent a great deal of time watching children play marbles(Gait) and asking them about the rules of the game, Piaget felt that by understanding how children reasoned about rules. he could understand their moral development. His findings are There are no true rules before about the age of six Children of about 2 years old simply played with the marbles. From 2 to 6, they expressed an awareness of rules but did not understand their purpose or the need to follow them. They are egocentric and have difficulty taking the perspective of other people
Chapter 12 Moral Development and Moral Trait • 12.1 Piaget’s theory of moral development • Piaget spent a great deal of time watching children play marbles(弹珠）and asking them about the rules of the game, Piaget felt that by understanding how children reasoned about rules, he could understand their moral development. His findings are: • (1) There are no true rules before about the age of six. Children of about 2 years old simply played with the marbles. From 2 to 6, they expressed an awareness of rules but did not understand their purpose or the need to follow them. They are egocentric and have difficulty taking the perspective of other people
Chapter 12 Moral Development and moral trait 12.1 Piaget's theory of moral development 2)Between the ages of 6 and 10, children begin to acknowledge the existence of rules, though they are inconsistent in following them They see rules as being imposed by some higher authority and unchangeable. He called this phase heteronomous(他律的) morality, or morality that is subject to rules imposed by others, characterized by the view that rules are absolute. (moral realism)
Chapter 12 Moral Development and Moral Trait • 12.1 Piaget’s theory of moral development • (2) Between the ages of 6 and 10, children begin to acknowledge the existence of rules, though they are inconsistent in following them. They see rules as being imposed by some higher authority and unchangeable. He called this phase heteronomous(他律的） morality,or morality that is subject to rules imposed by others, characterized by the view that rules are absolute.(moral realism)
Chapter 12 Moral Development and moral trait 12.1 Piagets theory of moral development (3 )Between the ages of 10 and 12, they play the game and follow the same set of rules. They understand the rules existed to give the game direction and to minimize disputes between players. He referred to this stage as autonomous morality, the level at which children understand that people both make up rules and can change the rules, which are now seen as the products of people's agreements morality of cooperation)
Chapter 12 Moral Development and Moral Trait • 12.1 Piaget’s theory of moral development • (3)Between the ages of 10 and 12, they play the game and follow the same set of rules. They understand the rules existed to give the game direction and to minimize disputes between players. He referred to this stage as autonomous morality, the level at which children understand that people both make up rules and can change the rules, which are now seen as the products of people’s agreements.( morality of cooperation)
Chapter 12 Moral Development and moral trait 12.2 Kohlbergs stages of moral reasoning Kohlbergs stage theory of moral reasoning is an elaboration and refinement of Piaget's. Like Piaget, Kohlberg studied how children(and adults)reason about rules that govern their behavior in certain situations. Kohlberg did not study childrens game playing, but rather probed for their responses to a series of structured situations or moral dilemmas. his most famous one is the following
Chapter 12 Moral Development and Moral Trait • 12.2 Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning • Kohlberg's stage theory of moral reasoning is an elaboration and refinement of Piaget's. Like Piaget, Kohlberg studied how children (and adults) reason about rules that govern their behavior in certain situations. Kohlberg did not study children's game playing, but rather probed for their responses to a series of structured situations or moral dilemmas. His most famous one is the following: