Medical micro biology Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Lectures Content Key words Key points questions History of Microbiology commensal microbes 1.WHY?I need to study Milestones in Microbiology pathogenic microbes Medical Microbiology Recent progress in Microbiology plasmids 2. HOW? To stud Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases genetic exchanges 3.WhaT are those that pathogenic islands Synthetic genomics Phenotype properties Bacteria Rickettsia, Chlamydia
1 Medical Microbiology Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University Lectures Content Key words Key points & questions Introduction History of Microbiology Milestones in Microbiology Recent progress in Microbiology Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases commensal microbes pathogenic microbes plasmids genetic exchanges pathogenic islands Synthetic genomics Self replication Phenotype properties Prokaryote Bacteria Viruses Fungi Prions Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Spirochetes , Actimycetes 1.WHY? I need to study Medical Microbiology 2.HOW? To study 3.WHAT ? are those that I should remember?
2. Bacterial Structure 1. Basics of bacterial cell wall structures and properties associated Gram+/- Related with d iseases or clinic Metabolism Growth with bacterial cell walls( Gram positive/negative cell Questions staining, Peptidoglycan, LPS, pathogenesis, and targets of Peptidoglycan Summary the antibiotics) differences between the cell 2. Structures of the bacterial cell and the genetic makeup of bacteria mucopeptide)Outer wall of G+bacteria and (Ribosome, Plasmid, Chromosome, target of antibiotics, roles in membrane(LPS) G-bacteria(related with athogenesis or drug resistance) Cell membrane medical practice) 3. Morphology of bacteria and the versatility of bacteria(in clinical Spheroplast/protoplast 2. Why penicillin and diagnosis) L form lysozome have less effect on 4. Bacterial appendages, bacterial spores, capsules, etc, and their Flagella(Chemotaxis)G-bacteria related with clinic practice Pili(fimbriae) 3. Spore germination 5. Techniques to study morphology of bacteria Bacterial growth, Capsule(slime layer, activation conditions(related survival and death, cultivation of bacteria, growth curve, bacterial glycocalyx) with medical practice metabolism. classification of bacteria Clostridium tetani-tetenus Growth curve Explain which bacterial structures can be as an antibiotics target 5. Why a doctor should know the growth curve of
2 2.Bacterial Structure, Metabolism & Growth 1. Basics of bacterial cell wall structures and properties associated with bacterial cell walls (Gram positive/negative cell wall, staining, Peptidoglycan, LPS, pathogenesis, and targets of antibiotics) 2. Structures of the bacterial cell and the genetic makeup of bacteria (Ribosome, Plasmid, Chromosome, target of antibiotics, roles in pathogenesis or drug resistance) 3. Morphology of bacteria and the versatility of bacteria (in clinical diagnosis) 4. Bacterial appendages, bacterial spores, capsules, etc., and their related with clinic practice. 5. Techniques to study morphology of bacteria Bacterial growth, survival and death, cultivation of bacteria, growth curve, bacterial metabolism, classification of bacteria. Gram +/- cell wall, Peptidoglycan (murein, mucopeptide) Outer membrane (LPS ) Cell membrane Spheroplast/protoplast L form Flagella (Chemotaxis) Pili (fimbriae) Capsule (slime layer, glycocalyx) Spore (resistant) Growth curve Related with diseases or clinic Questions: 1. Summary the differences between the cell wall of G+bacteria and G-bacteria (related with medical practice) 2. Why penicillin and lysozame have less effect on G- bacteria? 3. Spore germination activation conditions (related with medical practice, Clostridium tetani -tetenus ) 4. Explain which bacterial structures can be as an antibiotics target. 5. Why a doctor should know the growth curve of bacteria?
3. Bacterial Heredity 1. Genetic material of bacteria( Chromosome, plasmid, transposable Chromsome, Plasmid &variation element, integron and phage genome) Transposable Genetic 1. Does the phenotype of an 2. Bacterial phages, virulent phage and lysogenic phage Elements organism automatically 3. Mechanisms of transfer and recombination of bacterial genes Phage change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or 4. The significance of bacterial genetic variation(in drug resistance, -virulent phage o A (transformation, transduction, conjugation and lysogenic Lysophage(temperate) why not? conversion), gene mutation prophage, lysogeny 2. Can phenotype change pathogenesis or virulence and variation, diagnosis, and without a change in vaccination), and manipulation of cloned DNA Transformation 5. Sterilization and disinfection(concepts and methods discuss inTransduction he experiment course General transduction (specific) transduction answer Conjugation 3. List the biological F factor, Hfr, R significances of gene transfer in bacteria
3 3. Bacterial Heredity &Variation 1. Genetic material of bacteria (Chromosome, plasmid, transposable element, integron and phage genome). 2. Bacterial phages, virulent phage and lysogenic phage 3. Mechanisms of transfer and recombination of bacterial genes (transformation, transduction, conjugation and lysogenic conversion); gene mutation. 4. The significance of bacterial genetic variation (in drug resistance, pathogenesis or virulence and variation, diagnosis, and vaccination), and manipulation of cloned DNA. 5. Sterilization and disinfection (concepts and methods discuss in the experiment course) Chromsome, Plasmid Transposable Genetic Elements Phage -Lysophage (temperate) prophage, lysogeny -virulent phage Gene transfer: Transformation Transduction General transduction Lysogenic（specific） transduction Conjugation F factor，Hfr， R plasmid 1. Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? 2. Can phenotype change without a change in genotype? In both cases, give some examples to support your answer. 3. List the biological significances of gene transfer in bacteria
4. Bacterial Infection 1. Normal human microbiota(Role of the resident microbiota, and Microbiota Pathogenesis locations in the human body) Opportunistic 1. How should we identify a 2. Virulence of bacteria, bacterial virulence factors and their pathogen Nosocomial pathogen responsible for an regulation, (exotoxin, endotoxin, and their contribution to infections Opportunistic infection 2. Summary the differences 3. Infection process(development, and outcomes Virulence of bacteria between the endotoxins and 4. Modes of infectious d isease transmission Adhesion 5. Nosocomial infections and their prevention Penetration 6. Bacteria biofilm formation and biofilm associated diseases Invasiveness/spread 3. How we control nosocomial infections? Exotoxin Endotoxin Do you know the difference the terms Compromised host following. bacteremia Bacterial biofilm Septicemia, Pyemia, koch’ s postulates Toxemia, Endotoxemia. Why Transmission we should understand it? Outbreak, Epidemic Disease/treatment/prevention Pandemic 5. Why there are no effective antibiotics for biofilm associated diseases? Then
4 4.Bacterial Infection & Pathogenesis 1．Normal human microbiota (Role of the resident microbiota, and locations in the human body) 2．Virulence of bacteria, bacterial virulence factors and their regulation , (exotoxin, endotoxin, and their contribution to pathogenesis) 3．Infection process (development, and outcomes) 4．Modes of infectious disease transmission 5．Nosocomial infections and their prevention 6．Bacteria biofilm formation and biofilm associated diseases Microbiota Opportunistic pathogen Nosocomial infections Opportunistic infection Virulence of bacteria Adhesion Penetration Invasiveness/spread Exotoxin Endotoxin Carrier Compromised host Bacterial biofilm Koch’s postulates Transmission Outbreak, Epidemic, Pandemic 1. How should we identify a pathogen responsible for an infectious disease (Koch’s ) 2. Summary the differences between the endotoxins and exotoxins 3. How we control nosocomial infections? 4. Do you know the difference the terms as following: Bacteremia , Septicemia, Pyemia, Toxemia, Endotoxemia. Why we should understand it? Disease/treatment/prevention 5. Why there are no effective antibiotics for biofilm associated diseases? Then what we should do?
Human Immune Immunity and immune responses against bacterial infection Extracelluarphathogen1.compareanti-b Response to bacterial 2. Mechanisms of innate immunity (barriers, phagocytes, Intracelluar pathogen Infections, Control of complement system etc. Active immunization Immune response to bacterial diseases 3. Mechanisms of specific host defense (humoral immunity, Passive immunization exocellular/ or intracellular ell-mediadted immunity, their activities on exocellular/or intracellular bacterial infection hy specific IgM/not lg 4. Prevention of bacterial infection(active immunization, vacc ines can be used as early and passive immunization diagnosis of an infection? 3. How the knowledge would help you in clinical
5 5.Human Immune Response to bacterial Infections, Control of bacterial diseases 1. Immunity and immune responses against bacterial infection 2. Mechanisms of innate immunity (barriers, phagocytes, complement system etc.) 3. Mechanisms of specific host defense (humoral immunity, cell-mediadted immunity, their activities on exocellular/ or intracellular bacterial infection. 4. Prevention of bacterial infection (active immunization, vaccines, and passive immunization) Extracelluar phathogen Intracelluar pathogen Active immunization Passive immunization 1. Compare anti-bacterial immune response to exocellular/ or intracellular bacteria 2. Why specific IgM /not IgG can be used as early diagnosis of an infection? 3. How the knowledge would help you in clinical practicing?