Tools and materials Project:Chapel of the Holy Wash Sketching requires a range of tools,and first and Location:Swansea,Wales Architect:Hyde Hyde foremost is the sketchbook itself.When selecting a Date:2002 sketchbook,important factors to consider are convenience and portability and the purpose of your This charcoal sketch shows the relationship between the chapel and intended drawings.It's also important to purchase the the landscape,and also conveys the best quality paper you can afford.Better quality paper sense of sanctuary that the building will be more flexible as it will work equally well if offers.The use of charcoal brings an intense quality to the drawing sketching in pencil or pen,or if using watercolours. and allows the light entering the space to be clearly understood. An A4(210 x 297mm)sketchbook is a good starting point,as the page is large enough to accommodate experimentation with different sketching techniques and it allows bigger images to be produced.Alternatively an A5(148 x 210mm)sketchbook is very useful for travel because it fits neatly into a pocket and can be carried easily. An A3(297 x 420mm)sketchbook is excellent for life and large-scale observational drawings(such as elevations)
C M Y K T Cheryl Basic Architecture Upon approval Please sign: Name and Date: 001-033 chapter 1cw (7).qxd 8/15/07 2:30 PM Page 12 Sketch Project: Chapel of the Holy Wash Location: Swansea, Wales Architect: Hyde + Hyde Date: 2002 This charcoal sketch shows the relationship between the chapel and the landscape, and also conveys the sense of sanctuary that the building offers. The use of charcoal brings an intense quality to the drawing and allows the light entering the space to be clearly understood. Sketching requires a range of tools, and first and foremost is the sketchbook itself. When selecting a sketchbook, important factors to consider are convenience and portability and the purpose of your intended drawings. It’s also important to purchase the best quality paper you can afford. Better quality paper will be more flexible as it will work equally well if sketching in pencil or pen, or if using watercolours. An A4 (210 x 297mm) sketchbook is a good starting point, as the page is large enough to accommodate experimentation with different sketching techniques and it allows bigger images to be produced. Alternatively an A5 (148 x 210mm) sketchbook is very useful for travel because it fits neatly into a pocket and can be carried easily. An A3 (297 x 420mm) sketchbook is excellent for life and large-scale observational drawings (such as elevations). Tools and materials 001-033_R+T_1stp_SN.qxd 10/11/07 1:45 PM Page 12
12|13 Line hierarchy Tools for architectural drawing To enjoy sketching,and achieve a When sketching it's an excellent idea to have a range of range of results,it is important to pens,pencils and colouring media at your disposal because have different sorts of equipment to the thickness of the lines in a sketch are extremely important experiment with.Simple drawings can There is a hierarchy associated with the line and its values be produced with a single sheet of paper and a pencil Then.by further vary in sketching.A fine line can be used for shading considering the type of pencil and the and detail and a thicker,heavier line will suggest form ype of paper,the possible variations and substance. are endless.With each drawing. experiment with a new tool or Different drawing media will affect the line hierarchy. medium.Listed below is a range of equipment that can help you vary and Fibre-point pens,which are available in a range of nib sizes, further your drawing experiences. are useful for capturing detail.Pencils can also supply a Mechanical pencils(0.3 or 0.5mm) range of line weights,as well as being available in soft(B) Fibre-tip pens(0.2,0.5,0.8mm) Adjustable set square(20cm) and hard (H)leads.Using varied pencil types will allow a 45 degree set square range of differently styled sketches to be developed. 60 degree set square A 0.5mm propelling pencil,with a range of hard and soft Circie template 30cm scale rule leads,is another versatile drawing tool. Roll of white tracing paper Roll of detail paper Sketching with a black ink pen is an important skill to A3 tracing pad(60gsm) develop because the contrast that the ink line,produce A3 film pad(50micron) against the paper,and the permanency of the line,produce Drawing board Sketchbook a'definite'image. Tape measure Set of French curves One tool that probably isn't necessary is an eraser.When sketching,practice is all important and even the mistakes can be beneficial,so it makes sense not to rub them out! Remember,a sketchbook is a collection of drawings and reflects the development of techniques and ideas
C M Y K T Cheryl Basic Architecture Upon approval Please sign: Name and Date: 001-033 chapter 1cw (7).qxd 8/15/07 2:30 PM Page 13 12 | 13 Tools for architectural drawing To enjoy sketching, and achieve a range of results, it is important to have different sorts of equipment to experiment with. Simple drawings can be produced with a single sheet of paper and a pencil.Then, by further considering the type of pencil and the type of paper, the possible variations are endless. With each drawing, experiment with a new tool or medium. Listed below is a range of equipment that can help you vary and further your drawing experiences. Mechanical pencils (0.3 or 0.5mm) Fibre-tip pens (0.2, 0.5, 0.8mm) Adjustable set square (20cm) 45 degree set square 60 degree set square Circle template 30cm scale rule Roll of white tracing paper Roll of detail paper A3 tracing pad (60gsm) A3 film pad (50micron) Drawing board Sketchbook Tape measure Set of French curves Tools and materials › Conceptual sketches Line hierarchy When sketching it’s an excellent idea to have a range of pens, pencils and colouring media at your disposal because the thickness of the lines in a sketch are extremely important. There is a hierarchy associated with the line and its values vary in sketching. A fine line can be used for shading and detail and a thicker, heavier line will suggest form and substance. Different drawing media will affect the line hierarchy. Fibre-point pens, which are available in a range of nib sizes, are useful for capturing detail. Pencils can also supply a range of line weights, as well as being available in soft (B) and hard (H) leads. Using varied pencil types will allow a range of differently styled sketches to be developed. A 0.5mm propelling pencil, with a range of hard and soft leads, is another versatile drawing tool. Sketching with a black ink pen is an important skill to develop because the contrast that the ink line, produce against the paper, and the permanency of the line, produce a ‘definite’ image. One tool that probably isn’t necessary is an eraser. When sketching, practice is all important and even the mistakes can be beneficial, so it makes sense not to rub them out! Remember, a sketchbook is a collection of drawings and reflects the development of techniques and ideas. 001-033_R+T_1stp_SN.qxd 10/11/07 1:45 PM Page 13
Conceptual sketches Project:University Centre Architectural ideas or concepts are described in a form Location:Winchester,UK of sketch shorthand.A conceptual explanation of how Architect:Design Engine Date:2005 a building works can sometimes be conveyed in a simple line drawing.Conversely,the concept may be more A parti drawing is reductive,it can complex and so require a series of sketches to fully display a complex idea in a very simple form.This concept parti explain the underlying idea. drawing reduces the concept of a university building to a diagram. A concept can be related to any aspect of the architectural The design idea is concerned with design process.For example,an urban concept might views in two directions;those at the reference the scale of a city or location,or a material concept first and second floors across a sloped site and those at ground could describe the different details of a building and how floor across a more sheltered site. they are connected together.The architectural concept can This architectural idea responds to be conveyed in both the macro and micro elements of a particular site conditions. scheme design. At any stage of the process the concept is something that drives the design forward and as such it needs to be recorded.A sketch is a quick,easy and useful way to do this, and a concept sketch can take many forms
C M Y K T Cheryl Basic Architecture Upon approval Please sign: Name and Date: 001-033 chapter 1cw (7).qxd 8/15/07 2:30 PM Page 14 Sketch Architectural ideas or concepts are described in a form of sketch shorthand. A conceptual explanation of how a building works can sometimes be conveyed in a simple line drawing. Conversely, the concept may be more complex and so require a series of sketches to fully explain the underlying idea. A concept can be related to any aspect of the architectural design process. For example, an urban concept might reference the scale of a city or location, or a material concept could describe the different details of a building and how they are connected together. The architectural concept can be conveyed in both the macro and micro elements of a scheme design. At any stage of the process the concept is something that drives the design forward and as such it needs to be recorded. A sketch is a quick, easy and useful way to do this, and a concept sketch can take many forms. Project: University Centre Location: Winchester, UK Architect: Design Engine Date: 2005 A parti drawing is reductive, it can display a complex idea in a very simple form. This concept parti drawing reduces the concept of a university building to a diagram. The design idea is concerned with views in two directions; those at the first and second floors across a sloped site and those at ground floor across a more sheltered site. This architectural idea responds to particular site conditions. Conceptual sketches 001-033_R+T_1stp_SN.qxd 10/11/07 1:45 PM Page 14
1415 Ecole des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts),Paris The Ecole des Beaux-Arts was the official school of art in France It was established in 1793 as part of the reforms of the French Revolution and was fommerly part of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. The school had a reputation for its conservative approach,founded on classical'architectural ideas and classical Greco-Roman architectural principles,but provided a sound technical grounding in painting, architecture and sculpture. A beaux-arts style evolved from the nineteenth century and many influential architects trained there from Europe and USA.The style that it influenced was classical,grand and Parti diagrams technically precise. It was an appropriate style for the Concepts are dynamic,and the clearest forms of conceptual end of the nineteenth century in design will be simple and informative.A'parti'diagram Europe.Buildings built in the beaux- arts style include the Paris Opera (the temm is derived from the French verb 'prendre parti', by Garnier(1861),the Palais de which means to make a choice)is very helpful in this respect. Justice in Brussels by Polaert(1866) Popularised during the nineteenth century in the Ecole des and the Petit Palais in Paris by Beaux-Arts in Paris,these drawings are reductive and Girault(1897).It represents both an influential architectural style transform the concept into a few simple lines,which explain and also a type of artistic and complex ideas and motifs in clear and simple terms architectural education. Parti diagrams are abstract sketches that are loaded with architectural meaning and intent,and can be referred to at all stages of the design project. Reductive parti drawings are simple in their execution, but require a great deal of consideration as they are often underpinned by quite complex thought processes.As such they convey a meaning that goes beyond the line on the paper,and will usually need to be fully described by accompanying text. The concept sketch may also require descriptive text or commentary alongside the drawing in order to strongly associate the drawing with its architectural intention
C M Y K T Cheryl Basic Architecture Upon approval Please sign: Name and Date: 001-033 chapter 1cw (7).qxd 8/15/07 2:30 PM Page 15 Parti diagrams Concepts are dynamic, and the clearest forms of conceptual design will be simple and informative. A ‘parti’ diagram (the term is derived from the French verb ‘prendre parti’, which means to make a choice) is very helpful in this respect. Popularised during the nineteenth century in the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, these drawings are reductive and transform the concept into a few simple lines, which explain complex ideas and motifs in clear and simple terms. Parti diagrams are abstract sketches that are loaded with architectural meaning and intent, and can be referred to at all stages of the design project. Reductive parti drawings are simple in their execution, but require a great deal of consideration as they are often underpinned by quite complex thought processes. As such they convey a meaning that goes beyond the line on the paper, and will usually need to be fully described by accompanying text. The concept sketch may also require descriptive text or commentary alongside the drawing in order to strongly associate the drawing with its architectural intention. 14 | 15 Tools and materials › Conceptual sketches › Analytical sketches École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts), Paris The École des Beaux-Arts was the official school of art in France. It was established in 1793 as part of the reforms of the French Revolution and was formerly part of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. The school had a reputation for its conservative approach, founded on ‘classical’ architectural ideas and classical Greco-Roman architectural principles, but provided a sound technical grounding in painting, architecture and sculpture. A beaux-arts style evolved from the nineteenth century and many influential architects trained there from Europe and USA. The style that it influenced was classical, grand and technically precise. It was an appropriate style for the end of the nineteenth century in Europe. Buildings built in the beauxarts style include the Paris Opéra by Garnier (1861), the Palais de Justice in Brussels by Polaert (1866) and the Petit Palais in Paris by Girault (1897). It represents both an influential architectural style and also a type of artistic and architectural education. 001-033_R+T_1stp_SN.qxd 10/11/07 1:46 PM Page 15
Conceptual sketches Project:The Visitor Centre, Hardwick Park Location:Durham.UK Architect:Design Engine Date:2006 These images describe a construction process for a prefabricated project.The image is drawn as a perspective sketch to explain the removal of the prefabricated elements from a truck and details how they will be fixed into place on a hard-to-access site.The drawing is self-explanatory and needs no accompanying text, it simply describes a process of assembly and construction
C M Y K T Cheryl Basic Architecture Upon approval Please sign: Name and Date: 001-033 chapter 1cw (7).qxd 8/15/07 2:31 PM Page 16 Project: The Visitor Centre, Hardwick Park Location: Durham, UK Architect: Design Engine Date: 2006 These images describe a construction process for a prefabricated project. The image is drawn as a perspective sketch to explain the removal of the prefabricated elements from a truck and details how they will be fixed into place on a hard-to-access site. The drawing is self-explanatory and needs no accompanying text, it simply describes a process of assembly and construction. Sketch Conceptual sketches 001-033_R+T_1stp_SN.qxd 10/11/07 1:47 PM Page 16