Chapter 9 Solutions
Chapter 9 Solutions
Physical Chemistry Solutions Ideal solutions A solution where the molecules of the various species are so simiar to one another that replacing molecules of one species with molecules of another species will not change the spatial structureor the intermolecular interaction energy in the solution To prevent change on mixing B Bat t, i Ca, B-B, C-C and C, the size and shape of B P P molecules= those ofc The intermolecular interaction B+c B-B. C-C energies should be essentially the same for B-B. B-C. and c atT. P B-C pairs of molecules
Ideal Solutions Solutions A solution where the molecules of the various species are so similar to one another that replacing molecules of one species with molecules of another species will not change the spatial structure or the intermolecular interaction energyin the solution. B at T, P C at T, P B + C at T, P B-B, C-C B-B, C-C, B-C To prevent change on mixing B and C, the size and shape of B molecules those of C The intermolecular interaction energies should be essentially the same for B-B, B-C, and CC pairs of molecules. Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry Solutions Ideal solutions When two liquids b and c whose molecules resemble each other closely are mixed at constant t and p, the experimental Ami G is Am G=RT(ghr+noRthn xo) (9.39) From the molecular definition, the B attic at T formation of an ideal solution from P P pure components at constant Tand p △U=0 mIx B+c △V=0 atT. P △mxH=△mU+Pmn2V=0
Ideal Solutions Solutions When two liquids B and C whose molecules resemble each other closely are mixed at constant T and P, the experimental mixG is From the molecular definition, the formation of an ideal solution from pure components at constant T and P ( ln ln ) mix B B C C G = RT n x + n RT x (9.39) mixU = 0 mixV = 0 mixH = mixU + PmixV = 0 Physical Chemistry B at T, P C at T, P B + C at T, P
Physical Chemistry Solutions Ideal solutions For ideal gases nrR(n Vr/v)(vclv (3.32) For ideal solutions m B m c B mb, C m c C mB nn+n B m B Amis=-nBRhnxB-ncrhn xc △G=△H-7AS △H=0 mX Ami G=RT(ng+nrtIn xo) (9.39)
Ideal Solutions Solutions (ln / ) ln( / ) * * mixS = −nB R VB V − nC R VC V (3.32) * , * Vm,B =Vm C * , * * ( ) V =VB +VC = nB + nC Vm B For ideal gases For ideal solutions * , * , * * , * , VB = nB Vm B VC = nC Vm C = nC Vm B mix B B C C S = −n Rln x − n Rln x ( ln ln ) mix B B C C G = RT n x + n RT x (9.39) mixG = mixH −TmixS mixH = 0 Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry Solutions Ideal solutions For ideal solutions AmiG=RT(nBhnxB+ndRThnxc) (9.39) For ideal solutions(ideal liquid or solid mixtures) containing the gas constant R? R applies not only to the zero-pressure limit of a gas P R= nt But also to entropy S=khn P+a (3.52) Boltamann's constant r=kN Avogadro constant And other fundamental equations of statistical mechanics!
Ideal Solutions Solutions For ideal solutions For ideal solutions (ideal liquid or solid mixtures) containing the gas constant R? ( ln ln ) mix B B C C G = RT n x + n RT x (9.39) nT PV R = R applies not only to the zero-pressure limit of a gas A R = kN But also to entropy And other fundamental equations of statistical mechanics! S = k ln P+a (3.52) Boltzmann’s constant Avogadro constant Physical Chemistry