Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems Chapter 11 Reaction Equilibrium in Nonideal Systems
1 Chapter 11 Reaction Equilibrium in Nonideal Systems Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems
Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems s The Equilibrium Constant For the ideal-gas reaction aA+becc+dD (4.36) Lyu=0 the equilibrium condition ∑vA=0 - RT (11.1) u;=u:+RT In a (11,2) ∑v4+Rr∑vha1a=0 (11.3
2 The Equilibrium Constant For the ideal-gas reaction aA+bB cC+dD (4.36) = the equilibrium condition i i i 0 i o i = i + RT ln a (11.2)* RT i o i i a e − (11.1) = i i i,eq 0 + = i i i eq i o i i RT ln a , 0 (11.3) Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems
Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems s The Equilibrium Constant ∑v+Rr∑vha=0 (11.3) △G+RhnI(a1)y=0 △ rT In K° (11.4) △G ∑ (11.5) K°≡∏ (11.6) Standard equilibrium constant Activity equilibrium constant Equilibrium constant
3 The Equilibrium Constant (11.4)* i o i i o G + = i i i eq i o i i RT ln a , 0 (11.3) + ln( , ) = 0 i i i eq o G RT a o o G = −RT ln K i i i eq o K a ( ) , (11.5)* (11.6)* Standard equilibrium constant Activity equilibrium constant Equilibrium constant Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems
Physical Chemistr Nonideal Systems Reaction equilibrium in nonelectrolyte solutions K°≡I[(a1) K°=I(nx)G=∑"Am=RThK am=ymm/m°(i≠A Km=( rX)∏ 1.m i≠A △G°=-RThK° (118) △C +∑v i≠A
4 Reaction Equilibrium in nonelectrolyte solutions / ( ) a , , m m i A o m i = m i i i i i eq o K a ( ) , (11.6)* i i II i i o K x ( ) = , x i o i II i o Gx , = −RT ln K (11.7) A o i i A x A A m i i o Km x m m ( ) ( / ) , , = (11.8) o m o Gm = −RT ln K + i A o i m i o A x A o Gm , , (11.9) Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems
Physical Chemistr Nonideal Systems Reaction equilibrium in nonelectrolyte solutions K°≡I[(a1) K°=I1(nx)G=∑ rT In K m /m°(i≠A) yc1/c(i≠A) Km=(yAx1)1(m1m)△CGm=≡vA+ i≠A ≠A K=(7x)" △G2=vA+∑v i≠A ≠A
5 Reaction Equilibrium in nonelectrolyte solutions / ( ) a , , m m i A o m i = m i i i i i eq o K a ( ) , (11.6)* i i II i i o K x ( ) = , x i o i II i o Gx , = −RT ln K A o i i A x A A m i i o Km x m m ( ) ( / ) , , = + i A o i m i o A x A o Gm , , + i A o i c i o A x A o Gc , , A o i i A x A A c i i o c K x c c ( ) ( / ) , , = / ( ) a , , c c i A o c i = c i i Physical Chemistry Nonideal Systems