③魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 remain, in the golfing universe, a child of darkness. i do find that I am able to watch golf on television, however, where it is possible to experience a calmness that the game itself sadly lacks Spread out on a couch and ind ifferent to the outcome(very important), you watch tiny white balls sail improbable distances over the biggest lawns in the world, interrupted occasionally by advertisements for expensive cars. One of the players is named Tiger. Another is named Love. If you have access to a bottle of Martinis(optional), the joy potential can be quite huge There is usually a price for pleasure so mindless. In the case of Tv golf, it is listening to the commentators analyze the players swings. What looks to you like a single, continuous, and not d ifficult act is revealed, via slow motion and a sort of virtual-chalkboard graphics, to be a sequence of intricately measured adjustments of shoulder to hip head to arm, elbow to wrist, and so on Where ee fluid ity, the experts see geometry; what to you is nature is machinery to them-parallel lines, extended planes, points of impact. They murder to examine. Yet, apparently, these minute and ind ividualized measurements make all the difference between being able reliably to land a golf ball in an area, three hundred yards away, the size of a bathmat and, say, randomly hitting a car, which, let's face it, only a fool would drive right next to a golf course. There is a major disproportion, in other words, between the straightforwardness of the and the fantastic precision required to play it, a disproportion mastered by a difficult but, to the ordinary observer, almost invisible technique Short stories are the same. a short story is not as restrictive as a sonnet, but, of all the literary forms, it is possibly the most single-minded. Its aim, as it was identified by the modem genre's first theorist, Edgar Allan Poe, is to create" an effect"--by which Poe meant something almost physical, like a sensation or an extreme excitement 1. The author quotes his own experience with golfto show that [a] things are often not so simple and easy as they seem b] his experience with golf has been a frustrating failure [C] that experience of his offered much for his later life [ D] apparent truths are more often than not unreliable 2. The author enjoys watching golf games on TV because [a] the access to drinks makes the game more joyful B a more enjoyable view of the game is provided C] he is thus unaffected by the result of the game D] that is more likely real appreciation of the game 3. What does the author imply when he says"There is usually so mindless"(Paragraph 2)? [A] Commentators often interrupt your attention B]TV golf is frequently unaffordable for many [C] One needs to pay handsomely for the setting [D] Some essential parts of the game are missing 4. In the part succeed ing the third paragraph, the author will mostly probably [a] draw an analogy between golf and short story B elaborate the"effect"of short story [C] show other examples similar to golf games D] show impact of golf games on short story 5. What is the relationship between Paragraph I and Paragraph 2? [A] Paragraph I is an introduction to Paragraph 2 B]Paragraph 2 provides an example for Paragraph I
○黑 魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 16 remain, in the golfing universe, a child of darkness. I do find that I am able to watch golf on television, however, where it is possible to experience a calmness that the game itself sadly lacks. Spread out on a couch and indifferent to the outcome (very important), you watch tiny white balls sail improbable distances over the biggest lawns in the world, interrupted occasionally by advertisements for expensive cars. One of the players is named Tiger. Another is named Love. If you have access to a bottle of Martinis (optional), the joy potential can be quite huge. There is usually a price for pleasure so mindless. In the case of TV golf, it is listening to the commentators analyze the players' swings. What looks to you like a single, continuous, and not difficult act is revealed, via slow motion and a sort of virtual-chalkboard graphics, to be a sequence of intricately measured adjustments of shoulder to hip, head to arm, elbow to wrist, and so on. Where you see fluidity, the experts see geometry; what to you is nature is machinery to them--parallel lines, extended planes, points of impact. They murder to examine. Yet, apparently, these minute and individualized measurements make all the difference between being able reliably to land a golf ball in an area, three hundred yards away, the size of a bathmat and, say, randomly hitting a car, which, let's face it, only a fool would drive right next to a golf course. There is a major disproportion, in other words, between the straightforwardness of the game and the fantastic precision required to play it, a disproportion mastered by a difficult but, to the ordinary observer, almost invisible technique. Short stories are the same. A short story is not as restrictive as a sonnet, but, of all the literary forms, it is possibly the most single-minded. Its aim, as it was identified by the modem genre's first theorist, Edgar Allan Poe, is to create "an effect"-- by which Poe meant something almost physical, like a sensation or an extreme excitement. 1. The author quotes his own experience with golfto show that [A] things are often not so simple and easy as they seem. [B] his experience with golf has been a frustrating failure. [C] that experience of his offered much for his later life. [D] apparent truths are more often than not unreliable. 2. The author enjoys watching golf games on TV because [A] the access to drinks makes the game more joyful. [B] a more enjoyable view of the game is provided, [C] he is thus unaffected by the result of the game. [D] that is more likely real appreciation of the game. 3. What does the author imply when he says "There is usually.., so mindless"(Paragraph 2)? [A] Commentators often interrupt your attention. [B] TV golf is frequently unaffordable for many. [C] One needs to pay handsomely for the setting. [D] Some essential parts of the game are missing. 4. In the part succeeding the third paragraph, the author will mostly probably [A] draw an analogy between golf and short story. [B] elaborate the "effect" of short story. [C] show other examples similar to golf games. [D] show impact of golf games on short story. 5. What is the relationship between Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2? [A] Paragraph 1 is an introduction to Paragraph 2. [B] Paragraph 2 provides an example for Paragraph 1
③魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 [C] Paragraphs 1 and 2 are both supporting details D] Paragraph 2 serves as an analogy to Paragraph 1 Text 4 There have been rumors. There's been gossip. All Holly wood is shocked to learn that Calista Flockhart, star of Fox's hit Tv show Ally McBeal, is so thin. And we in the media are ing all over ourselves trying to figure out whether Flockhart has an eating disorder, especially now that she has denied it. Well, I'm not playing the game. If the entertainment industry really car about sending the wrong message on body image, it wouldn't need so many slender celebrities the first place But the fact remains that 2 million Americans--most of them women and girls--do suffer from eating disorders. In the most extreme cases they literally starve themselves to death. And those who survive are at greater risk of developing brittle bones, life-threatening infections, kidney damage and heart problems. Fortunately, doctors have learned a lot over the past decade about what causes eating d isorders and how to treat them The numbers are shocking. Approximately 1 in 150 teenage girls in the U. S. falls victim to anorexia nervosa, broadly defined as the refusal to eat enough to maintain even a minimal body weight. Not so clear is how many more suffer from bulimia, in which they binge on food, eat ing perhaps two or three days worth of meals in 30 minutes, then remove the excess by taking med to move the bowels or inducing vomiting. Nor does age necessarily protect you. Anorexia has been diagnosed in girls as young as eight. Most deaths from the cond ition occur in women over 45 Doctors used to think eating disorders were purely psychological. Now they realize there's some problematic biology as well. In a study published in the archives of General Psychiatr recently, researchers found abnormal levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, in women who had been free of bulimia for at least a year. That may help explain why drugs have allowed a lot of people to stop swallowing in large doses of food. Unfortunately, the pills don't work as well for denial of food. Nor do they offer a simple one-stop cure. Health-care workers must re-educate their patients in how to eat and think about food How can you tell if someone you love has an eating disorder?"Bulimics will often leave evidence around as if they want to get caught. Says Tamara Pryor, director of an eating- disorders clinic at the University of Kansas in Wichita. Anorexics, by contrast, are more likely to go through long periods of denial 1. We can infer from the first paragraph that one ind ication of the eating disorders is that [a] the media are divided in opinions B] there is much rumor about it. [C] the victim repeatedly denies that D] the bod sends the 2. The victims of eating disorders more often than not will [A]starve themselves to death bi be cured with modem treatment [C] puzzle doctors in the years to come D] suffer dearly from the complications 3. The word"binge"(Paragraph 3)most probably means [A] eat excessively
○黑 魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 17 [C] Paragraphs 1 and 2 are both supporting details. [D] Paragraph 2 serves as an analogy to Paragraph 1. Text 4 There have been rumors. There's been gossip. All Hollywood is shocked to learn that Calista Flockhart, star of Fox's hit TV show Ally McBeal, is so thin. And we in the media are falling all over ourselves trying to figure out whether Flockhart has an eating disorder, especially now that she has denied it. Well, I'm not playing the game. If the entertainment industry really cared about sending the wrong message on body image, it wouldn't need so many slend er celebrities in the first place. But the fact remains that 2 million Americans--most of them women and girls--do suffer from eating disorders. In the most extreme cases they literally starve themselves to death. And those who survive are at greater risk of developing brittle bones, life-threatening infections, kidney damage and heart problems. Fortunately, doctors have learned a lot over the past decade about what causes eating disorders and how to treat them. The numbers are shocking. Approximately 1 in 150 teenage girls in the U. S. falls victim to anorexia nervosa, broadly defined as the refusal to eat enough to maintain even a minimal body weight. Not so clear is how many more suffer from bulimia, in which they binge on food, eating perhaps two or three days' worth of meals in 30 minutes, then remove the excess by taking medicine to move the bowels or inducing vomiting. Nor does age necessarily protect you. Anorexia has been diagnosed in girls as young as eight. Most deaths from the condition occur in women over 45. Doctors used to think eating disorders were purely psychological. Now they realize there's some problematic biology as well. In a study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry recently, researchers found abnormal levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, in women who had been free of bulimia for at least a year. That may help explain why drugs have allowed a lot of people to stop swallowing in large doses of food. Unfortunately, the pills don't work as well for denial of food. Nor do they offer a simple one-stop cure. Health-care workers must re-educate their patients in how to eat and think about food. How can you tell if someone you love has an eating disorder? "Bulimics will often leave evidence around as if they want to get caught." Says Tamara Pryor, director of an eating-disorders clinic at the University of Kansas in Wichita. Anorexics, by contrast, are more likely to go through long periods of denial. 1. We can infer from the first paragraph that one indication of the eating disorders is that [A] the media are divided in opinions. [B] there is much rumor about it. [C] the victim repeatedly denies that. [D] the body image sends the wrong message. 2. The victims of eating disorders, more often than not, will [A] starve themselves to death. [B] be cured with modem treatment. [C] puzzle doctors in the years to come. [D] suffer dearly from the complications. 3. The word "binge" (Paragraph 3) most probably means [A] eat excessively
③魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 B]refuse to eat [C] fail to digest D] enjoy a good appetite 4. In a recent study, bulimia is found to be [A] fit for a simple one-stop cure B]related to the level of serotonin C] psychological rather than biological D] identical with anorexia nervosa in the cure 5. The way to find a person with eating disorders [A] focuses on apparent evidence B] varies with type of the condition [C] is oriented at the victims response D] remains perplexing despite efforts made so far. Unit 4 Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, b, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I (40 points Text 1 Save the mighty elephant! Who could argue? Well, the hippopotamus might. In 1989, with the elephant facing the threat of extinction, the nations of the world agreed to ban trade in elephant ivory. Now, ivory hunters who once shot elephants for their tusks are shooting hippos for their teeth laments Dr Simon Lyster of the World Wide Fund for Nature, "Is e e areas of Africa. The hippo, If nothing is done, experts say, the hippo may be wiped out in som forgotten beast Unfortunately for hippos, they re easy targets. They like to gather in herds at muddy pools and just sit there, virtually motionless. Hunters simply shoot the hippos in the water Not surprisingly, there's a new campaign to save the hippo. At the annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida this week, France, Belgium and Benin will propose strict quotas and monitoring of the hunting and trade in hippos and hippo parts. The data far are spotty--but generally gloomy for the hippo. From 1988 to 1992, the number of hippo teeth carved in Hong Kong and re-exported, rose from 224 to 3 868--with most of those shipments bound for the United states The trade in hippo ivory follows much the same route as the old trade in elephant tusks--from hunters in Africa through middlemen in Europe to carvers in Hong Kong and Japan Hippo ivory is a bit more brittle and less desirable than elephant ivory, so it sells for a good deal SS--about 50 to 70 per kilo wholesale, compared with 400 to 500 for elephant ivory. Once it is fashioned into trinkets and jewelry, however, few consumers can tell the d ifference. The trade is booming. In a rare census of African hippos last year, conservationists were alarmed to find a population of only 160 000, or about a quarter the estimated number of elephants. Even in national parks where hippos live, protections are failing, in part because many nations had used proceeds from the sale of elephant tusks to pay park police. Now that income is gone, and some parks have
○黑 魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 18 [B] refuse to eat. [C] fail to digest. [D] enjoy a good appetite. 4. In a recent study, bulimia is found to be [A] fit for a simple one-stop cure. [B] related to the level of serotonin. [C] psychological rather than biological. [D] identical with anorexia nervosa in the cure. 5. The way to find a person with eating disorders [A] focuses on apparent evidence. [B] varies with type of the condition. [C] is oriented at the victim's response. [D] remains perplexing despite efforts made so far. ‘ Unit 4 Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Save the mighty elephant! Who could argue? Well, the hippopotamus might. In 1989, with the elephant facing the threat of extinction, the nations of the world agreed to ban trade in elephant ivory. Now, ivory hunters who once shot elephants for their tusks are shooting hippos for their teeth. If nothing is done, experts say, the hippo may be wiped out in some areas of Africa. The hippo, laments Dr. Simon Lyster of the World Wide Fund for Nature, "is the forgotten beast." Unfortunately for hippos, they're easy targets. They like to gather in herds at muddy pools and just sit there, virtually motionless. Hunters simply shoot the hippos in the water. Not surprisingly, there's a new campaign to save the hippo. At the annual Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in Florida this week, France, Belgium and Benin will propose strict quotas and monitoring of the hunting and trade in hippos and hippo parts. The data so far are spotty--but generally gloomy for the hippo. From 1988 to 1992, the number of hippo teeth carved in Hong Kong and re-exported, rose from 224 to 3 868--with most of those shipments bound for the United States. The trade in hippo ivory follows much the same route as the old trade in elephant tusks--from hunters in Africa through middlemen in Europe to carvers in Hong Kong and Japan. Hippo ivory is a bit more brittle and less desirable than elephant ivory, so it sells for a good deal less--about $ 50 to $ 70 per kilo wholesale, compared with $ 400 to $ 500 for elephant ivory.Once it is fashioned into trinkets and jewelry, however, few consumers can tell the difference. The trade is booming. In a rare census of African hippos last year, conservationists were alarmed to find a population of only 160 000, or about a quarter the estimated number of elephants. Even in national parks where hippos live, protections are failing, in part because many nations had used proceeds from the sale of elephant tusks to pay park police. Now that income is gone, and some parks have
③魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 become hunting grounds Malawi is among many African nations that support new hippo protections; some are even moving unilaterally to save the herds. Zambia restricts hippo hunting to tourist expeditions in national parks and gives local people 35 percent of the tourist revenues. That should encourage locals to help fend off poachers and to quit hunting hippos themselves. And if ivory hunters do leave the hippo alone? They' ll probably move on to other animals with carvable teeth, like walruses or whales 1. We may infer from the text that the hippo is [A] an endangered animal species Ba kind of tourist games [C]a special fish in rivers D] an African elephant 2. When Dr. Lyster said sadly that the hippo"is the forgotten beast, "he meant that [A] people had forgotten to make use of its teeth b] the hippo was threatening the existence of elephants C] there was an excessive number ofhippos in Africa DI the world only remembered to save elephants 3. We may infer that the hippo hunting and trad ing are thriving because [a]there has been no strict rules to control these activities before this week B] consumers like hippo teeth products better than those made of ivory [C] there are fewer elephants left in Africa than hip D] hunters find that hippos are easier to kill than elephants 4. Some African countries tried to protect animals in national parks by [a]getting the locals involved in the trade ofhippos B]reinforcing park po [C]sharing benefits from parks with the locals D]turning hunting grounds into national parks 5. The last sentence implies that walruses or whales may A]move to other places where foods are available b become the next victim of hunters'targets C] outnumber elephants and hippos in the future D] become tourist attractions in African national parks Text 2 Eating right to prevent heart disease may seem complicated and confusing, but it's a breeze the result of normal bodily processes taken to the extreme. Cancer, by contrast, involves changeo v compared with trying to design an anticancer diet. Cardiovascular disease is relatively simple; it's the programming of dNa within the nuclei of individual cells. Beyond that, heart disease is an illness that affects a single organ system, while cancer is dozens of d ifferent diseases that target body parts as radically different as the brain, breast and bone That being the case it's no surprise that the relationship between diet and cancer is still largely a matter of educated guesswork--and in many cases, the guesses have turned out to be wrong. Take the much publicized link between high-fat diets and breast cancer, for example Women who live in Western countries. where high-fat diets are the norm. tend to have high
○黑 魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 19 become hunting grounds. Malawi is among many African nations that support new hippo protections; some are even moving unilaterally to save the herds. Zambia restricts hippo hunting to tourist expeditions in national parks and gives local people 35 percent of the tourist revenues. That should encourage locals to help fend off poachers and to quit hunting hippos themselves. And if ivory hunters do leave the hippo alone? They'll probably move on to other animals with carvable teeth, like walruses or whales. 1. We may infer from the text that the hippo is [A] an endangered animal species. [B] a kind of tourist games. [C] a special fish in rivers. [D] an African elephant. 2. When Dr. Lyster said sadly that the hippo "is the forgotten beast," he meant that [A] people had forgotten to make use of its teeth. [B] the hippo was threatening the existence of elephants. [C] there was an excessive number ofhippos in Africa. [D] the world only remembered to save elephants. 3. We may infer that the hippo hunting and trading are thriving because [A] there has been no strict rules to control these activities before this week. [B] consumers like hippo teeth products better than those made of ivory. [C] there are fewer elephants left in Africa than hippos. [D] hunters find that hippos are easier to kill than elephants. 4. Some African countries tried to protect animals in national parks by [A] getting the locals involved in the trade ofhippos. [B] reinforcing park police force. [C] sharing benefits from parks with the locals [D] turning hunting grounds into national parks. 5. The last sentence implies that walruses or whales may [A] move to other places where foods are available. [B] become the next victim of hunters' targets. [C] outnumber elephants and hippos in the future. [D] become tourist attractions in African national parks. Text 2 Eating right to prevent heart disease may seem complicated and confusing, but it's a breeze compared with trying to design an anticancer diet. Cardiovascular disease is relatively simple; it's the result of normal bodily processes taken to the extreme. Cancer, by contrast, involves changes in the programming of DNA within the nuclei of individual cells. Beyond that, heart disease is an illness that affects a single organ system, while cancer is dozens of different diseases that target body parts as radically different as the brain, breast and bone. That being the case it's no surprise that the relationship between diet and cancer is still largely a matter of educated guesswork--and in many cases, the guesses have turned out to be wrong. Take the much publicized link between high-fat diets and breast cancer, for example. Women who live in Western countries, where high-fat diets are the norm, tend to have high
③魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 breast-cancer rates. Even more telling: women of Japanese ancestry who live in the U.S, get the disease six times more often than their grand mothers and great-grandmothers in Japan. Yet a huge recent study of 90 000 women has refuted the breast cancer-fat link A similar process of educated-guess-and-error led people to load up on the nutritional supplement beta carotene in the early 1990s. Scientists noted that those who eat lots of fruits and vegetables tend to get less cancer and speculated that carotenoids--the same antioxidant substances that seem to protect against heart disease-were responsible. In particular, they focused on beta carotene, the most abundant and common carotenoid, as the most likely to prevent cancer Yet a series of targeted studies in Finland and the U.S. showed that beta carotene supplements don t ward off cancer at all. " It looks like taking this substance in high doses is not the right thing to outl ealth experts are not ready to list the foods that will keep cancer at bay, but some broad outlines of an anti-cancer diet are taking shape. Beta carotene might not be the key. But fruits and vegetables seem to help. So along with giving up tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption, the best way to prevent a broad range of cancers, given the current state of medical knowledge, is to eat more fruits and vegetables. That sort of diet will help you stay trim and prevent heart disease anyway--so if, against all odds, it turns out to have no effect on cancer, it certainly can't hurt 26. We may conclude from the first paragraph that [A] heart d isease is mainly caused by abnormal eating habits B]cancer is far more difficult to prevent than heart disease [C] changing the programming of DNA may help treat cancer. D] designing an anticancer diet is as easy as a breeze 27. Observations and studies of women living in the U.S. prove that [AJ American women are in better health than women of Japanese ancestry B]there is a clear relationship between high-fat diets and breast cancer [C] Japanese women have not yet fully adapted to Western eating norm D] there is nothing conclusive in terms of the breast cancer- fat link 28. We can learn from the selection that beta carotene supplements [A] are ineffective in preventing heart disease B may not be effective in preventing cancer C] are the most important nutrients we need D] should normally be taken in low doses 9. According to health experts, eating more vegetables and [A] will definitely do us no harm whatsoever. B is the most effective anti-cancer diet [C] provides us with enough beta carotene D] can protect us against the harms caused by drinking 30. Which of the following questions does the selection best answer? A] Can food protect us against cancer? B Should we believe in educated guesswork? [C] Is beta carotene good for our health? D] Are Japanese women more likely to get breast cancer? Text 3
○黑 魔方考研英语精读黄花宝典 20 breast-cancer rates. Even more telling: women of Japanese ancestry who live in the U.S, get the disease six times more often than their grandmothers and great-grandmothers in Japan. Yet a huge recent study of 90 000 women has refuted the breast cancer-fat link. A similar process of educated-guess-and-error led people to load up on the nutritional supplement beta carotene in the early 1990s. Scientists noted that those who eat lots of fruits and vegetables tend to get less cancer and speculated that carotenoids--the same antioxidant substances that seem to protect against heart disease--were responsible. In particular, they focused on beta carotene, the most abundant and common carotenoid, as the most likely to prevent cancer. Yet a series of targeted studies in Finland and the U.S. showed that beta carotene supplements don't ward off cancer at all. "It looks like taking this substance in high doses is not the right thing to do," says a Harvard's researcher. Health experts are not ready to list the foods that will keep cancer at bay, but some broad outlines of an anti-cancer diet are taking shape. Beta carotene might not be the key. But fruits and vegetables seem to help. So along with giving up tobacco and limiting alcohol consumption, the best way to prevent a broad range of cancers, given the current state of medical knowledge, is to eat more fruits and vegetables. That sort of diet will help you stay trim and prevent heart disease anyway--so if, against all odds, it turns out to have no effect on cancer, it certainly can't hurt. 26. We may conclude from the first paragraph that [A] heart disease is mainly caused by abnormal eating habits. [B] cancer is far more difficult to prevent than heart disease. [C] changing the programming of DNA may help treat cancer. [D] designing an anticancer diet is as easy as a breeze 27. Observations and studies of women living in the U.S. prove that [A] American women are in better health than women of Japanese ancestry. [B] there is a clear relationship between high-fat diets and breast cancer [C] Japanese women have not yet fully adapted to Western eating norm. [D] there is nothing conclusive in terms of the breast cancer-fat link. 28. We can learn from the selection that beta carotene supplements [A] are ineffective in preventing heart disease. [B] may not be effective in preventing cancer. [C] are the most important nutrients we need [D] should normally be taken in low doses. 29. According to health experts, eating more vegetables and [A] will definitely do us no harm whatsoever. [B] is the most effective anti-cancer diet. [C] provides us with enough beta carotene [D] can protect us against the harms caused by drinking 30. Which of the following questions does the selection best answer? [A] Can food protect us against cancer? [B] Should we believe in educated guesswork? [C] Is beta carotene good for our health? [D] Are Japanese women more likely to get breast cancer? Text 3