2 Policy and vision Streets as places-the Transport for London Road Network THL recognises that the vitality of London's also a fu n of their tol where the resof the e City of re relsted and City the The the TLRN local ctive places,as well cwle ed.Thela deliver wid sers within either ice the ntensity and frequency of pedestrian activity. TfL is resp tegic pledges through The 580km of the TLRN varies in scale fro nigh speed obtained from the Tra uk vic activity.The co ets p vith of the TLRN.Th ed hie T nised nts for n's streets. designing and operating the networ but carries3%of Londan's traffic The TLRN cuts ss local authority boundaries ts and tra orks with ction, detriment of overal streetscape quality potential conflicts As streets account for the TrL recognises the benefits to be gained from of the public realm within Le en their with Londo Th ere hs nsutation draft of ce that im R the d vitality of our an Policy and vision
2.2 2 Policy and vision Streets as places – the Transport for London Road Network Streets provide the setting for London’s public face, the nation’s history and future prosperity. London’s range of streets and spaces has developed around the twin centres of the City of London and City of Westminster, and numerous urban villages. History and governance have created a patchwork of distinctive places, as well as extensive suburbs. London’s streets are routes to service the capital’s economy allowing the circulation of public and private transport, delivery of goods and services, communications, gas, water, electricity and the removal of waste. They are also places for people; where residents, workers and visitors interact. Within London, virtually all the streets perform a balance of these functions. The TLRN has an overriding strategic transport function that relates to its role as a through route for the movement of goods and people. The TLRN accounts for only 5% of London’s streets, but carries 33% of London’s traffic. Carriageway alignments and transport related street furniture emphasise the streets’ arterial function, often to the detriment of overall streetscape quality. As streets account for the greatest proportion of the public realm within London, their appearance has a significant impact on the quality of the environment. There has been an increasing awareness within government that improving the public realm is essential for people’s quality of life and vitality of our urban areas. TfL recognises that the vitality of London’s streets is also a function of their role as a place, neighbourhood or destination; where the presence and activity of people is more related to the surrounding land uses than to the streets’ arterial function. The use of the TLRN for local movements, especially in central London, is acknowledged. The land uses and activities either side of the TLRN continually vary, as does the intensity and frequency of pedestrian activity. The 580km of the TLRN varies in scale from rural high speed dual three lane carriageways to single carriageway urban streets. The network passes through open countryside, dense residential areas, and centres of commercial, retail and civic activity. The combination of the streets’ transport and place-making roles, together with the character of the surrounding land uses, creates a distinctive character for sections of the TLRN. These variations in streetscape character are more complex than traditional road hierarchy classifications, and need to be recognised when designing and operating the network. The TLRN cuts across local authority boundaries, where policies and guidance on streetscape issues may differ to those of TfL. TfL works with the London local authorities in an effort to avoid potential conflicts. TfL recognises the benefits to be gained from working in partnership with London local authorities and other key stakeholders, many of whom commented on the consultation draft of the Streetscape Guidance. Transport for London’s roles and responsibilities TfL is responsible for planning and delivering the provision of transport facilities for all modes of transport in a coordinated and integrated way. TfL is responsible for operating and improving conditions for all road users within its responsibility to deliver wider safety, serviceability and sustainability objectives. TfL is responsible for the delivery of specific parts of the Mayor’s strategic pledges through a series of initiatives and projects. Further information on TfL can be obtained from the Transport for London website at www.transportforlondon.gov.uk Policy and vision
Transport for London Road Network Wa"Fom 2.3
2.3 Transport for London Road Network
3 Design process
3.1 3 Design process
3 Design process Design team Design process Excellent street cape nental Manager to ensure Mayoral and TfL is taking steps to ensure that the A project inception meeting should be held TFL en ronmental obiectives are achieved. ts of the Dissbility Dis Acts are appled to the TLRN through audits and tion of the d range of skills色 equ am here necessary ers and te The ie ign tea and mitigated ting should also be used to disc Street lighting engineer is needed in Section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 t'vielon develen d all that is re ndon is a 24-h city ed te which impact iert's obie tives The role of the nd technical dat the p oject ams and desig take acc safe and ironment ire of the task.TfL re people do no ally lea If this is not the ent (CDM) inted ought from ce 3001 CDM Re TfL should decide or and level of ct The munity Safety Ma vide advice use of Str d to help design tear under and should also the Act. reduce the ar ount of time spent on the design to be established for selective awards.Desipn cislly eau process and reduce costs Access con Core functions of the desie will be t Desten luthan de e ct ms vision details w il described inabre ticularly wheret tions in the objectives. eed to be pr to consistent withTL's St Guid that go cellent Design for London Tfl Modal champione are toe 。 Arboriculture and lands ssfety,bus L Design for London (DfL]has beer by the Mav If new details nd o ject budget schieve the design inte scan grow to etails for o TfL.The ship of the En ey services and sec have access ot d n ents which need to be DfL should be r Ttaffic engineer to make certain that the transportation objectives are achieved and accommodated in the design help to deliv world's best- eit can affect the level o T”fer th aged streets for a world-class city. detailing required on construction drawings. that Tfl's policies in regard to sustainsble transport are included in designs In the event that the contractor sub-contracts Maintenance engineer to ensure that both the routine and lon nce eeds of needed by site su staff duri sidered.The msinter nce ntracts are likely to that the propoe and could also 32 Design process
3.2 3 Design process Design team Excellent streetscape design requires careful attention to detail, a broad range of skills and a real understanding of issues, conflicts and needs. A range of skills is required in the design team; multidisciplinary design teams are therefore essential. The terms ‘design team’ and ‘designer’ are used in Streetscape Guidance to describe both project teams and designers of specific areas of work. Irrespective of the size of the project or task, TfL advocates multidisciplinary working where advice is sought from relevant specialists to achieve streetscapes that are consistent with excellence. The size and nature of projects will influence the method of procurement of the design team. Criteria for procuring excellent design teams need to be established for selective awards. Design teams should include: • Design specialist (urban designer, landscape architect or architect) to translate the vision described in a brief and develop a design consistent with TfL’s Streetscape Guidance • TfL Modal champions are to ensure road safety, bus priority, walking, cycling and accessibility objectives for the project are met. Modal champions are the project budget holders • Highway engineer to ensure that design details are safe, durable and are practical to construct • Traffic engineer to make certain that the transportation objectives are achieved and that TfL’s policies in regard to sustainable transport are included in designs • Maintenance engineer to ensure that both the routine and longer-term maintenance needs of the project are considered. The maintenance engineer will also ensure that the proposed design takes account of health and safety • Environmental Manager to ensure Mayoral and TfL environmental objectives are achieved. The Environmental Manager will also ensure that any adverse environmental impacts are identified and mitigated • Street lighting engineer is needed in recognition that London is a 24-hour city. Street lighting needs to be designed to take account of aesthetics and technical performance • Construction Design Management (CDM) coordinator to ensure that the design proposals comply with the CDM Regulations 2007 • Access consultant to advise on the design proposals in respect of the technical and functional design requirements of users, especially equality and inclusion target groups. Access consultants may also be required to complement site supervision to ensure that equality and inclusion issues are addressed, particularly where there are variations in the design specification • Arboriculture and landscape manager to ensure existing trees and plants are retained and proposed trees and plants can grow to achieve the design intention • Key stakeholders, including local authorities, police, emergency services and security advisers, who may have access or operational requirements which need to be accommodated in the design Design process A project inception meeting should be held to discuss team management procedures, composition of the design team, roles of members and terms of reference. The inception meeting should also be used to discuss the project’s vision, develop collective ownership and ensure that there is a unified understanding of the project’s objectives. The role of the project manager should be agreed at the project inception meeting. The project manager will usually lead the design team. If this is not the case, a chair should be appointed. TfL should decide on the type and level of detailing required for the specific project. The use of Streetscape Guidance details will help to deliver the required standards and should also reduce the amount of time spent on the design process and reduce costs. Streetscape Guidance details may not, however, be suitable for some projects and new details will need to be prepared. It is important to recognise that good detailing is vital to producing excellent streetscapes. If new details are required, members of the design team should be appointed to draft new details for subsequent submission to TfL. The detailing of finishes and changes to surface materials are especially important. An understanding of the procurement method is also important since it can affect the level of detailing required on construction drawings. In the event that the contractor sub-contracts elements of work to others, extra care may be needed by site supervision staff during the works to ensure that excellence is maintained. Tendered contracts are likely to require more detailed drawings and could also require more supervision. TfL is taking steps to ensure that the requirements of the Disability Discrimination Acts are applied to the TLRN through audits and remedial action where necessary. Section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 requires design teams to do all that is reasonable to design out crime. All projects which impact upon the streetscape should seek to minimise crime to produce a safe and secure environment where people do not feel under threat. Design teams should therefore achieve the best balance between designing out crime and the other key design principles. TfL’s Transport Community Safety Managers can provide advice to help design teams meet their duties under the Act. Core functions of the design team will be to ensure consistency across the network in terms of user safety, serviceability and sustainability objectives. Design for London Design for London (DfL) has been established by the Mayor to support the delivery of welldesigned projects across London. One of its key roles is to support TfL in its aim to deliver design excellence through membership of the Streetscape Review Group and as a key resource across the Greater London Authority Group. DfL should be regarded as a key collaborator to help to deliver TfL’s vision for the world’s bestmanaged streets for a world-class city. Design process
Streetscape Guidance exceptions procedure g24 ed by p bered that the best desi ip Guidance Palette of m Group they ative d地ils the should request approval for the exception Cor tracto ny p ction at etonfrO whic London ety audito The ee p [SRG)for the ion. ot the SRG e considered dust if ions are orded by the nform future applicati m by 900mm paving slabs is ceptions and revisions of the Guidance. not acceptable. A likely outrome of the n ol the of alte ject to SRG involvement Maintenance agreemen nd the public to the risk hanic e ould be Altemative designs through the use of mixing Scheme evaluation Avoidance of dust inhalation risks can be chieved by specification of the use of locsl guidance ately)or fit off-site. Design process
3.3 Strategy/ vision Policy context Scheme value assessment Funding and timescales Regulations guidance and standards Design techniques Design Checklist Site supervision Maintenance programme Maintenance agreement Performance monitoring Project manager TfL Project manager Project initiation Design Implementation Maintenance and monitoring Streetscape guidance Design Champion Design for London TfL Modal Champions TfL Streetscape Review Group Quality auditing Contractor involvement and continuity Scheme evaluation Traffic engineer Urban designer Safety auditor TfL Design team Contractor TfL Contractor Maintenance contractor TfL Maintenance contractor* It must be remembered that the best designs can be ruined by poor workmanship and a lack of thought and supervision during construction. Where the works contractor is known, they should become a co-opted design team member. The contractor should be asked to comment on any problems they can foresee during construction at regular meetings. The designer will need to ensure that appropriate health and safety measures have been taken in the design and specification process to satisfy statutory requirements. Risks will need to be assessed and minimised. Key issues in the design of streetscape include manual handling of materials and dust inhalation in cutting concrete or stone. For example, manual handling of 600mm by 900mm paving slabs is not acceptable. A likely outcome of the assessment of this risk is the avoidance of manual lifting of paving slabs through the specification of the use of mechanical lifts, or the specification of alternative sized materials (subject to SRG approval). Similarly, exposure of worker and the public to the risk of dust inhalation from mechanical masonry cutting is not acceptable. Avoidance for the need to mechanically cut should be considered, as should the use of alternative, smaller sized materials (subject to SRG approval). Alternative designs through the use of mixing material sizes should also be considered. Avoidance of dust inhalation risks can be achieved by specification of the use of local exhaust ventilation, water suppression (in the latter case slurry run off must be processed separately) or arranging for materials to be cut to fit off-site. Design process Streetscape Guidance exceptions procedure If the design team propose to use materials or street furniture not compliant with the Streetscape Guidance Palette of materials or to implement alternative details, the project manager should request approval for the exception. The project manager should contact the Streetscape Officer for an application for exception form which will be submitted to the Streetscape review group (SRG) for approval. The SRG may require detailed information including plans and details to make their decision. All applications for exceptions are considered by members of the SRG and, where necessary, further advice is sought from TfL specialists outside the SRG. Decisions are recorded by the Streetscape Officer to inform future applications for exceptions and revisions of the Guidance. The design process – flow, inputs and links from Traffic Management and Streetscape LTN 1/08 (fig 2.4), Department for Transport. Amended to show the TfL design process * Some projects may be designed and implemented by the Highway maintenance and works contractor © Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and Queen’s Printer for Scotland