Key Processes and Prokaryotes in the Nitrogen Cycle Processes Example organisms Nitrification (NH+-NO3) NH4→NO2 Nitrosomonas NO2→NO3 Nitrobacter Denitrification (NO3-N2) Bacillus,Paracoccus, Pseudomonas N2 Fixation (N2+8 H-NHg+H2) Free-living Aerobic Azotobacter Cyanobacteria Anaerobic Clostridium,purple and green phototrophic bacteria Methanobacterium (Archaea) Symbiotic Rhizobium Bradyrhizobium Frankia Ammonification (organic-N-NH4+) Many organisms can do this Anammox (NO2+NH3-2 N2) Brocadia 2012 Pearson Education,Inc
3.The Sulfur Cycle疏循环 Chemolithotrophic oxidation Oxidations SH groups of proteins are shown in yellow arrows te assimilation Desulfurylation and DMS→DMSO S042 Sulfate reduction Oxic H2S reductions in Anoxic red Sufate assimio DMSO≥DMS sulfurylation roporionio SH groups of proteins Sulfur So reduction 7 2012 Pearson Education,inc
7 Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 3. The Sulfur Cycle硫循环 Oxidations are shown in yellow arrows and reductions in red
Key Processes and Prokaryotes in the Sulfur Cycle Process Organisms Sulfide/sulfur oxidation(H2S→s0→So,2) Aerobic Sulfur chemolithotrophs硫的氧化 (Thiobacillus,Beggiatoa,many others) Anaerobic Purple and green phototrophic bacteria,some chemolithotrophs Sulfate reduction (anaerobic)(SO2--H2S) 硫的还原 Desulfovibrio,Desulfobact Archaeoglobus (Archaea) Sulfur reduction (anaerobic)(S-H2S) Desulfuromonas,many hyperthermophilic Archaea Sulfur disproportionation(S2O32→H2S+SO42)硫的歧化反应 Thiosulfate Desulfovibrio,and others Organic sulfur compound oxidation or reduction(CHgSH-CO2+H2S) (DMSO→DMS, Many organisms can do this Desulfurylation (organic-S-H2S) Many organisms can do this 脱硫
硫的还原 硫的氧化 硫的歧化反应 脱硫 Thiosulfate