16.422 Human Supervisory Control Memory attention Massachusetts Institute of Technology
16.422 Human Supervisory Control Memory & Attention
A Model of human Information Processing 16.422 Attention Resources Long-term memory Selection 1 Working Memory Sensory Cognition Processing Response esponse Perception (STSS) selection execution System Environment (Feedback) Wickens hollands 2000 STSS=short term sensory storage Perception drives bottoms-up processing while long term memory drives top-down processing
A Model of Human Information Processing 16.422 Perception Working Memory & Cognition Response selection Response execution Sensory Processing (STSS) Long-term memory System Environment (Feedback) Attention Resources Selection Wickens & Hollands, 2000 • STSS = short term sensory storage • Perception drives bottoms-up processing while long term memory drives top-down processing
Working memory 16.422 Also known as short term memory Three components Verbal(phonological store articulatory loop) Visuospatial sketchpad Central executive Temporary buffer Short-Term Store Sensory Temporary Working Registers Memory Long-Term Visual ore Environmental Control Processes Input Auditory Rehearsal Coding Permanent Decision Memory Store Haptic Retreival Strategies A Human factors Response Output http://www.hf.faagov/webtraiNing/cognition/memory/memoryl.hTm
Working Memory • Also known as short term memory • Three components – Verbal (phonological store & articulatory loop) – Visuospatial sketchpad – Central executive • Temporary buffer 16.422 FAA Human F actors http://www.hf.faa.gov/Webtraining/Cognition/Memory/memory1.htm
Working Memory limitations 16.422 Limited capacity Miller' s magIc7+/-2” Chunking parsing Skill expertise Information will decay unless maintained in working memory through the articulatory loop (rehearsal)or stored in long term memory A fundamental component of learning Memory lost within 30 seconds unless rehearse
Working Memory Limitations • Limited capacity – Miller’s magic “7 +/- 2” • Chunking & parsing – Skill & expertise • Information will decay unless maintained in working memory through the articulatory loop (rehearsal) or stored in long term memory. – A fundamental component of learning • Memory lost within 30 seconds unless rehearsed. 16.422
Long Term Memory 16.422 Semantic network of knowledge Knowledge is procedural, declarative, and general Encoded in terms of meaning and events Not a random process a loosely structured“ database” Unlimited capacity Development of mental models An abstract mental structure that allows understanding and insight into an event, problem, etc How knowledge was encoded influences recall Perception vs. Long Term memory Recognition is much easier than recall Declarative -knowledge of facts We can identify thousands of different colors but in general can only name-17
Long Term Memory • Semantic network of knowledge – Knowledge is procedural, declarative, and general – Encoded in terms of meaning and events • Not a random process • A loosely structured “database” • Unlimited capacity • Development of mental models – An abstract mental structure that allows understanding and insight into an event, problem, etc. • How knowledge was encoded influences recall • Perception vs. Long Term Memory – Recognition is much easier than recall 16.422 • Declarative – knowledge of facts • We can identify thousands of different colors but in general can only name ~ 17