Chapter 3 Designing Safer Chemicals General Principles Methods for designing for Designing Safer Chemicals Safer chemicals 四大学化学学院 2002年7月26日
四川大学化学学院 2002年7月26日 1 General Principles for Designing Safer Chemicals Methods for Designing Safer Chemicals Chapter 3 Designing Safer Chemicals
3.1 General Principles for Designing Safer chemicals Two main ways to avoid Hazard and Toxicity 1: make it not possible to enter the body 2: make it not possible to affect the bio chemical and physiological processes(生物化学 和生理过程) hazardously. Direct hazard: to human beings, to environment Indirect hazard to human beings, to environment 四大学化学学院 2002年7月26日
四川大学化学学院 2002年7月26日 2 3.1 General Principles for Designing Safer Chemicals ◼ Two main ways to avoid Hazard and Toxicity ◼ 1：make it not possible to enter the body, ◼ 2：make it not possible to affect the biochemical and physiological processes(生物化学 和生理过程)hazardously. ◼ Direct hazard：to human beings, to environment ◼ Indirect hazard： ◼ to human beings, to environment
3.1.1: General Principles for Designing Safer Chemicals External considerations They refer to the reduction in exposure by designing chemicals that influence important physical and chemical properties related to environmental distribution and the up-take of the chemical by man and other living W organIsms 四大学化学学院 2002年7月26日
四川大学化学学院 2002年7月26日 3 3.1.1： General Principles for Designing Safer Chemicals ◼ They refer to the reduction in exposure by designing chemicals that influence important physical and chemical properties related to environmental distribution and the up-take of the chemical by man and other living organisms. External considerations
External considerations Structural designs or redesigns that will increase degradation rates and ■ those that reduce volatility(挥发 FE), persistence in the environment or conversion in the environment to biologically active substances represent examples of major external considerations for reducing exposur 四大学化学学院 2002年7月26日
四川大学化学学院 2002年7月26日 4 External considerations ◼ Structural designs or redesigns that will increase degradation rates and ◼ those that reduce volatility（挥发 性）, persistence in the environment or conversion in the environment to biologically active substances ◼ represent examples of major external considerations for reducing exposure
External considerations Molecular designs that reduce or impede(妨碍) absorption by man, animals and aquatic life (水生生物) also represent important external considerations 四大学化学学院 2002年7月26日
四川大学化学学院 2002年7月26日 5 External considerations ◼ Molecular designs that reduce or impede（妨碍） absorption by man, animals and aquatic life （水生生物） also represent important external considerations