Chapter 26 Signal transduction 莘大
Chapter 26 Signal transduction
26.1 Introduction 26.2 Carriers and channels form water soluble paths through the membrane 26.3 Ion channels are selective 26.4 Neurotransmitters control channel activity 26.5 G proteins may activate or inhibit target proteins 266G proteins function by dissociation of the trimer 26. 7 Growth factor receptors are protein kinases 26. 8 Receptors are activated by dimerization 26.9 Receptor kinases activate signal transduction pathways 26.10 The Ras/MAPK pathway 26.11 The activation of Ras 26 12 Activating MAP kinase pathways 26. 13 What determines specificity in signaling 26 14 Cyclic AMP and activation of CreB 26. 15 The JAK-Stat pathway 26. 16TGFb signals through Smads 26.17 Structural subunits can be messengers 消当
26.1 Introduction 26.2 Carriers and channels form water soluble paths through the membrane 26.3 Ion channels are selective 26.4 Neurotransmitters control channel activity 26.5 G proteins may activate or inhibit target proteins 26.6 G proteins function by dissociation of the trimer 26.7 Growth factor receptors are protein kinases 26.8 Receptors are activated by dimerization 26.9 Receptor kinases activate signal transduction pathways 26.10 The Ras/MAPK pathway 26.11 The activation of Ras 26.12 Activating MAP kinase pathways 26.13 What determines specificity in signaling? 26.14 Cyclic AMP and activation of CREB 26.15 The JAK-STAT pathway 26.16 TGFb signals through Smads 26.17 Structural subunits can be messengers
26.1Introduction Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence found as intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal dna Endocytosis is process by which proteins at the surface of the cell are internalized, being transported into the cell within membranous vesicles G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Trimeric G proteins are associated with the plasma membrane. When bound by gdp the trimer remains intact and is inert. When the GDP is replaced by GTP, the a subunit is released from the bg dimer. Either the a monomer or the bg dimer then activates or represses a target protein. Monomeric G proteins are cytosolic and work on the same principle that the form bound to GDP is inactive. but the form bound to gtp is active 请莘大
Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence, found as intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA. Endocytosis is process by which proteins at the surface of the cell are internalized, being transported into the cell within membranous vesicles. G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Trimeric G proteins are associated with the plasma membrane. When bound by GDP the trimer remains intact and is inert. When the GDP is replaced by GTP, the a subunit is released from the bg dimer. Either the a monomer or the bg dimer then activates or represses a target protein. Monomeric G proteins are cytosolic and work on the same principle that the form bound to GDP is inactive, but the form bound to GTP is active. 26.1 Introduction
26.1 Introduction Receptor is a transmembrane protein, located in the plasma membrane, that binds a ligand in a domain on the extracellular side and as a result has a change in activity of the cytoplasmic domain (The same term is sometimes used also for the steroid receptors, which are transcription factors that are activated by binding ligands that are steroids or other small molecules.) Second messengers are small molecules that are generated when a signal transduction pathway is activated The classic second messenger is cyclic AMP, which is generated when adenylate cyclase is activated by a g protein(when the g protein itself was activated by a transmembrane receptor Signal transduction describes the process by which a receptor interacts with a ligand at the surface of the cell and then transmits a signal to trigger a pathway within the cell 消当
Receptor is a transmembrane protein, located in the plasma membrane, that binds a ligand in a domain on the extracellular side, and as a result has a change in activity of the cytoplasmic domain. (The same term is sometimes used also for the steroid receptors, which are transcription factors that are activated by binding ligands that are steroids or other small molecules.) Second messengers are small molecules that are generated when a signal transduction pathway is activated. The classic second messenger is cyclic AMP, which is generated when adenylate cyclase is activated by a G protein (when the G protein itself was activated by a transmembrane receptor). Signal transduction describes the process by which a receptor interacts with a ligand at the surface of the cell and then transmits a signal to trigger a pathway within the cell. 26.1 Introduction
Movement of ligand Signal transduction S EXTRACELLULAR Ligand binds to receptors 26.1 Introduction Figure 26.1 Overview information may be transmitted from the exterior to the interior of the cell by movement of w a ligand or by signal CYTOSOL transduction gand released Rece ptor interacts cytoplasm LpI rotein 消当
Figure 26.1 Overview: information may be transmitted from the exterior to the interior of the cell by movement of a ligand or by signal transduction. 26.1 Introduction