Chapter 8 Protein localization 莘大
Chapter 8 Protein localization
8.1 Introduction 8. 2 Chaperones may be required for protein folding 8.3 Post-translational membrane insertion depends on leader sequences 8. 4 a hierarchy of sequences determines location within organelles 8.5 Signal sequences initiate translocation 8.6 How do proteins enter and leave membranes? 8.7 Anchor signals are needed for membrane residence 8.8 Bacteria use both co-translational and post-translational translocation 8.9 Pores are used for nuclear ingress and egress 8. 10 Protein degradation by proteasomes 消当
8.1 Introduction 8.2 Chaperones may be required for protein folding 8.3 Post-translational membrane insertion depends on leader sequences 8.4 A hierarchy of sequences determines location within organelles 8.5 Signal sequences initiate translocation 8.6 How do proteins enter and leave membranes? 8.7 Anchor signals are needed for membrane residence 8.8 Bacteria use both co-translational and post-translational translocation 8.9 Pores are used for nuclear ingress and egress 8.10 Protein degradation by proteasomes
8.1 Introduction Leader of a protein is a short N-terminal sequence responsible for passage into or through a membrane 消当
Leader of a protein is a short N-terminal sequence responsible for passage into or through a membrane. 8.1 Introduction
8.1 Introduction Secreted protein Figure 8. 1 Overview: proteins that are localized post-translationally are sma membrane prote in released into the cytosol after synthesis on free ribosomes. Some have signalS a Coated vesicle transport for targeting to organelles such as th nucleus or mitochondria. Proteins that are localized cotranslationally associate -gOLgi retention signal Cytosolic with the Er membrane during synthesis proteins WER retention signal so their ribosomes are " membrane M itochondrial signa bound". The proteins pass into the ■■■I endoplasmic reticulum, along to the Golgi, and then through the plasma Free" ribosome Membranous membrane, unless they have signals that bosomed cause retention at one of the steps on the pathway. They may also be directed Nuclear signal to other organelles, such as endosomes or lysosomes 请莘大 I Post-translational transport Co-translational transport E:a
Figure 8.1 Overview: proteins that are localized post-translationally are released into the cytosol after synthesis on free ribosomes. Some have signals for targeting to organelles such as the nucleus or mitochondria. Proteins that are localized cotranslationally associate with the ER membrane during synthesis, so their ribosomes are "membranebound". The proteins pass into the endoplasmic reticulum, along to the Golgi, and then through the plasma membrane, unless they have signals that cause retention at one of the steps on the pathway. They may also be directed to other organelles, such as endosomes or lysosomes. 8.1 Introduction
8.1 Introduction ↓ Organelle Signal Type Signal location length Mito chondron N-terminal Amphipathic helix 12-30 Chloroplast N-terminal Charge >25 Nucleus nternal Bas r partite 7-9 Figure 8.2 Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol are directed after their release to specific destinations by short signal motifs 消当
Figure 8.2 Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol are directed after their release to specific destinations by short signal motifs. 8.1 Introduction