10. The reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be divided all of the following stages except on C. ac D. regeneration of cofactors E. all are stages in the reaction 11. Which of the following statements is correct about lactate A. it is the dead end product of anaerobic respiration in the muscle and liver B. it is transported from the muscle to the liver where it enters glycolysis C. it is transported from the liver to the muscle where it enters the citric acid cycle D. it is transported from the muscle to the liver where it is converted to glucose via gluconeogeneSIs 12 Animals can't catalyze the net conversion of acetyl CoA into carbohydrates because A synthesis pathways occur in the cytosol while the degradation pathways that occur in the mitochondria B there is a net lose of two molecules of co2 in the citric acid cycle C acetyl co a can not be converted to oxaloacetate D. there are no metabolic pathways that connect pathways that form acetyl CoA with those that form carbohydrates 13. Germinating plant seeds can covert acetyl CoA into carbohydrates whereas animals are incapable of converting fatty acids into glucose. This difference is because A animals have glycogen and don't need to make glucose from fatty acids B. plants use the glyoxylate cycle to convert two moles of acety I Co A into L-malate which is converted into a precursor for gluconeogenesis. Animals do not have the glyoxylate cycle C. plants can carry out photosynthesis which make the conversion of acetyl Co A into gluconeogensis precursors D Both plants and animals have the glyoxylate cycle, but animals do not have a mechanism to convert L-malate into the precursors for gluconeogensis 14. Which of the following enzymes found in the citric acid cycle is a membrane bound protein? B Succinate dehydrogenase C Succinyl CoA Synthetase D Malate dehydrogenase 15. Which of the following is not correct conceming the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate A. the enzyme contains a unique Fe-s cluster
10.The reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be divided all of the following stages except: A. Decarboxylation B. Oxidation C. Activation D. regeneration of cofactors E. all are stages in the reaction 11. Which of the following statements is correct about lactate A. it is the dead end product of anaerobic respiration in the muscle and liver B. it is transported from the muscle to the liver where it enters glycolysis C. it is transported from the liver to the muscle where it enters the citric acid cycle D. it is transported from the muscle to the liver where it is converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis 12. Animals can’t catalyze the net conversion of acetyl CoA into carbohydrates because A. synthesis pathways occur in the cytosol while the degradation pathways that occur in the mitochondria B. there is a net lose of two molecules of CO2 in the citric acid cycle C. acetyl CoA can not be converted to oxaloacetate D. there are no metabolic pathways that connect pathways that form acetyl CoA with those that form carbohydrates. 13. Germinating plant seeds can covert acetyl CoA into carbohydrates, whereas animals are incapable of converting fatty acids into glucose. This difference is because: A. animals have glycogen and don’t need to make glucose from fatty acids. B. plants use the glyoxylate cycle to convert two moles of acety l Co A into L-malate which is converted into a precursor for gluconeogenesis. Animals do not have the glyoxylate cycle. C. plants can carry out photosynthesis which make the conversion of acetyl Co A into gluconeogensis precursors possible D. Both plants and animals have the glyoxylate cycle, but animals do not have a mechanism to convert L-malate into the precursors for gluconeogensis 14. Which of the following enzymes found in the citric acid cycle is a membrane bound protein? A. Aconitase B. Succinate dehydrogenase C. Succinyl CoA Synthetase D. Malate dehydrogenase 15. Which of the following is not correct concerning the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate: A. the enzyme contains a unique Fe-S cluster
B. converts a tertiary alcohol which can not be oxidized)to a secondary C. it is a major control step in the citric acid cycle 16. The two main purposes of the citric acid cycle are A synthesis of citrate and gluconeogenesis B degrad ation of acetyl Co a to produce energy and supply of precursors for biomolecules C degradation of pyruvate to produce energy and supply of precursors for D degradation of acetyl Co a to produce energy and gluconeogenesis 17. Gluconeogenesis takes place predominantly in the B. bra C. heart D E liver 18. Biotin functions as a: B carrier of activated carbon dioxide C. carrier of activated electrons D. carrier of activated acyl groups 19. What are the most important products that cells generate by means of th sphate p C NADP+ and ribose-5-phosphate D NADPH and UDP-nibe E. ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate and NADPH 20. Which combination of cofactors is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? A NAD+. biotin and tpP. and Co a B TPP, Co A, lipoic acid, AD C pyridoxal phosphate, FAD and lipoic acid biotin fad. and Tp E. biotin nad+ and FAd 21. In a eukaryotic cell, the enzymes of glycolysis are located in the and the enzymes of the tCa cycle are located in the
B. converts a tertiary alcohol ( which can not be oxidized) to a secondary alcohol that can be oxidized C. it is a major control step in the citric acid cycle D. all are correct 16. The two main purposes of the citric acid cycle are: A. synthesis of citrate and gluconeogenesis B. degradation of acetyl Co A to produce energy and supply of precursors for biomolecules C. degradation of pyruvate to produce energy and supply of precursors for biomolecules D. degradation of acetyl Co A to produce energy and gluconeogenesis 17. Gluconeogenesis takes place predominantly in the A. muscles B. brain C. heart D. pancrease E. liver 18. Biotin functions as a: A. carrier of activated aldehydes B. carrier of activated carbon dioxide C. carrier of activated electrons D. carrier of activated acyl groups 19. What are the most important products that cells generate by means of the pentose phosphate pathway? A. lactate and ATP B. ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH C. NADP+ and ribose-5-phosphate D. NADPH and UDP-ribose E. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and NADPH 20. Which combination of cofactors is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? A. NAD+, biotin, and TPP, and Co A B. TPP, Co A, lipoic acid, NAD+ and FAD C. pyridoxal phosphate, FAD and lipoic acid, D. biotin, FAD, and TPP E. biotin, NAD+, and FAD 21. In a eukaryotic cell, the enzymes of glycolysis are located in the ____ and the enzymes of the TCA cycle are located in the ____: A plasma membrane, cytosol
B cytosol, mitochondrial matrix. C cytosol, mitochondrial matrix and membrane D nucleus, cytosol 22. Which of the following compound is responsible for coordinated regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? A NADH b acetyl-COA c fructose 2, 6 bis phosphate d fructose 1, 6 bis phosphate 23. A lack of phosphoglucomutase activ ity is most likely to produce a A pyruvate B ribose 5-phosphate C NADP D NADH E glycoge 24. Approximately 10% of the glucose derived from glycogen and released from the liver during fasting is produced directly(not generated via the action of glucose-6-phosphatase) by which of the following enzymes? B Debranching enzyme C Branching enzyme D Glycogen synthase E UTP/glucose 1-phosphate pyrophosphorylase 25. Which if the following enzymes forms alpha-1, 6 linkages in glycogen? B glycogen branching enzyme C. amy lo-(1, 6)glucosidase D phosphorylase kinase E glucose 6-phosphatase 26. Which enzyme is present in the liver but NOT in the muscle? A. hexokil C lactate dehydrogenase D pyruvate dehydrogenase E glycogen phosphory lase 27 Gluconeogenesis from lactate does not require activ ity of A aldolase
B cytosol, mitochondrial matrix. C cytosol, mitochondrial matrix and membrane. D nucleus, cytosol. 22. Which of the following compound is responsible for coordinated regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? A NADH B acetyl-CoA C fructose 2,6 bis phosphate D fructose 1,6 bis phosphate 23.A lack of phosphoglucomutase activity is most likely to produce a deficiency of A. pyruvate B. ribose 5-phosphate C. NADP D. NADH E. glycogen 24. Approximately 10% of the glucose derived from glycogen and released from the liver during fasting is produced directly (not generated via the action of glucose-6-phosphatase) by which of the following enzymes? A. Glycogen phosphorylase B. Debranching enzyme C. Branching enzyme D. Glycogen synthase E. UTP/glucose 1-phosphate pyrophosphorylase 25. Which if the following enzymes forms alpha-1, 6 linkages in glycogen? A. glycogen phosphorylase B. glycogen branching enzyme C. amylo-(1,6) glucosidase D. phosphorylase kinase E. glucose 6-phosphatase 26. Which enzyme is present in the liver but NOT in the muscle? A. hexokinase B. glucose 6-phosphatase C. lactate dehydrogenase D. pyruvate dehydrogenase E. glycogen phosphorylase 27. Gluconeogenesis from lactate does not require activity of A. aldolase