Chapter11 Oxidation(氧化)and Reduction(还原) Acid-base reaction Transfer of proton Oxidation and reduction transfer of electron
Chapter 11 Oxidation (氧化) and Reduction (还原) Acid-base reaction: Transfer of proton Oxidation and reduction: transfer of electron
11. 1 Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons Oxidation is the process whereby a reactant oses one or more electrons Reduction is the opposite process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons Oxidation and reduction are complementary and simultaneous processes 2Na+Cl—→2NaC 2Na -+2Na+ 2e Oxidation CI2+ 2e 2CI- Reduction In this reaction sodium is acting as a reducing agent(还原剂), which is any reactant that causes another reactant to be Fig 11.1 formation of sodium reduced. Conversely, the chlorine causes chloride oxidation of the sodium and so it is acting as an oxidizing agent(氧化剂)
11.1 Oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons • Oxidation is the process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons. • Reduction is the opposite process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons. • Oxidation and reduction are complementary and simultaneous processes. • 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl • 2Na 2Na+ + 2e- Oxidation • Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl- Reduction • In this reaction, sodium is acting as a reducing agent (还原剂), which is any reactant that causes another reactant to be reduced. Conversely, the chlorine causes oxidation of the sodium and so it is acting as an oxidizing agent （氧化剂）. Fig 11.1 formation of sodium chloride
Different elements have different oxidation and reduction tendencies Little tendency to lose or Tendency gaIn electrons Na Mg to gal electrons Cr MnI Fe Co Ni CulZn G Tendency to lose Ru Rh Pd Ag cd In sb electrons Rel Os Bi Po At Rn Is Hs M1 110 5606162636416566167 Ce Pr Pm sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am cm Bk cr Es Fm Md No
Different elements have different oxidation and reduction tendencies Little tendency to lose or gain electrons Tendency to gain electrons Tendency to lose electrons
11.2 Photography works by selective oxidation and reduction ( Te Sim is exposed. The film is developed Camera len Light-tight Hydroquinone solution(C,) Microcrystal Oxdation Br Oxidation 2C6HgO2 2CgH4O+2e +2H Reduction Ag + e Reduction 2 Ag Br + 2e 2Ag +2 Br ③ The is fixed and washed. The negative is dark where Ag"ions have Light projected through the negative is capture orographic paper as a positive image (Na25yO,l followe Figure 11.4 Black-and-white photography involves a series of oxidation-reduction reactions
11.2 Photography works by selective oxidation and reduction
11.3 The energy of flowing electrons can be harnessed Electrochemistry(电 valuatcler 化学) is the study of CTk→ the relationship Salt bridge between electrical energy and Ceder 2n-t chemical change ZnsO, solut Cuso soleiun Use oxidation reduction reaction to produce an electric current or use an electric current to 2e+ Orta-2Cun) produce an /ne)I CH"(il 141Cm( OXidation-reduction reaction Fig 11.7 the salt bridge completes the electric circuit
11.3 The energy of flowing electrons can be harnessed • Electrochemistry (电 化学) is the study of the relationship between electrical energy and chemical change: Use oxidationreduction reaction to produce an electric current or use an electric current to produce an oxidation-reduction reaction. Fig 11.7 the salt bridge completes the electric circuit