Sliding Filaments and Muscle Contraction What happens when a skeletal muscle fiber contracts? As you can see in Figure 10-8, (1)the H bands and I bands of the sar- comers get smaller, (2)the zones of overlap get larger, (3)the Z lines move closer together, and (4)the width of the A band DThe narrative has remaIns constant been extensively are These observations make sense only if the thin filaments revised for better are sliding toward the center of each sarcomere, alongside the hick filaments. This explanation is known as the sliding fila- readability and ment theory. The contraction weakens with the disappearance of the I bands, at which point the Z lines are in contact with the a lower reading ends of the thick filaments level in the ninth edition During a contraction, sliding occurs in every sarcomere The result is a writing style mope along the myofibril. As a result, the myofibril gets shorter.Be- that is is clear and concise cause myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma at each Z line and comfortably readable by and at either end of the muscle fiber, when myofibrils get A&P students shorter, so does the muscle fiber Tips &Tricks To better understand the actions of sliding filaments during a muscle contraction, hold your hands in front of you, palms toward your body and thumbs sticking straight up. Now move your hands together, so that the fingers of one hand move in between the fingers of the other hand. Your fingers represent thin and thick filaments, and your thumbs the Z lines. Notice that finger length stays the same, but your thumbs move closer together. D Tips Tricks boxes are very brief and concrete learning tools that give students simple analogies and easy memory devices to help them remember facts and concepts Review Questions pbotographs of the scapula, identify Checkpoint 9. During intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue is replaced by bone 10. In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts? 11. How could x-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height? ee the blue Answers tab at the back of the book. Art-based review questions Checkpoints Chapter 8, page 251 Chapter 6, page 183
xiii Art-based review questions Chapter 8, page 251 Tips & Tricks boxes are very brief and concrete learning tools that give students simple analogies and easy memory devices to help them remember facts and concepts. Checkpoint 9. During intramembranous ossification, which type of tissue is replaced by bone? 10. In endochondral ossification, what is the original source of osteoblasts? 11. How could x-rays of the femur be used to determine whether a person has reached full height? See the blue Answers tab at the back of the book. Checkpoints Chapter 6, page 183 The narrative has been extensively revised for better readability and a lower reading level in the Ninth Edition. The result is a writing style that is is clear and concise and comfortably readable by A&P students
SPOTLIGHT ON Practice Anatomy lab(pat)3o PAL 3.0 is an indispensable virtual anatomy study and practice tool that gives students 24/7 access to the most widely used lab specimens, including the human cadaver, anatomical models, histology, cat, and fetal pig. PAL 3.0 retains all of the key advantages of version 2.0, including ease-of-use, built-in audio pronunciations, rotatable bones, and simulated fill-in-the-blank lab practical exams. DNEW Carefully prepared dissections show nerves, blood vessels, and arteries across body systems. PAL)Human Cadaver>Nervous System s Central Nervous System I Help Spinal cord, cervical region 48of34 DNEW Photo gallery allows D NEW Layering slider allows students to peel back layers of the human students to quickly see thumbnails of images cadaver and view and explore hundreds of for a particular region or sub-region. brand-new dissections especially commissioned for 3.0 Pal3.0isavailableintheStudyAreaofMasteringA&ptm(www.masteringaandp.com) The PAL 3.0 DVD can be packaged with the book for no additional charge
xiv Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™ ) 3.0 SPOTLIGHT ON PAL 3.0 is an indispensable virtual anatomy study and practice tool that gives students 24/7 access to the most widely used lab specimens, including the human cadaver, anatomical models, histology, cat, and fetal pig. PAL 3.0 retains all of the key advantages of version 2.0, including ease-of-use, built-in audio pronunciations, rotatable bones, and simulated fill-in-the-blank lab practical exams. PAL 3.0 is available in the Study Area of MasteringA&P™ (www.masteringaandp.com). The PAL 3.0 DVD can be packaged with the book for no additional charge. NEW Photo gallery allows students to quickly see thumbnails of images for a particular region or sub-region. NEW Layering slider allows students to peel back layers of the human cadaver and view and explore hundreds of brand-new dissections especially commissioned for 3.0. NEW Carefully prepared dissections show nerves, blood vessels, and arteries across body systems
DNEW Interactive Histology module allows students to view the same tissue slide at varying magnifications, structures and their characteristics )3-D Anatomy Animations of origins. insertions, actions and innervations of over 65 muscles are now viewable in both Cadaver and Anatomical models modules. A new closed-captioning option provides textual presentation of narration to help students retain information and supports ADA compliance D PAL 3.0 also includes NEW Question randomization feature gives students more opportunities for practice and self-assessment. Each time the student retakes a quiz or lab practical, a new set of questions is generated NEW Hundreds of new images and views are included, especially of the human cadaver, anatomical models, and histology NEW Turn-off highlight feature in quizzes and lab practicals gives students the option to see a structure without the highlight overlay
xv 3-D Anatomy Animations of origins, insertions, actions, and innervations of over 65 muscles are now viewable in both Cadaver and Anatomical Models modules. A new closed-captioning option provides textual presentation of narration to help students retain information and supports ADA compliance. NEW Interactive Histology module allows students to view the same tissue slide at varying magnifications, thereby helping them identify structures and their characteristics. PAL 3.0 also includes: NEW Question randomization feature gives students more opportunities for practice and self-assessment. Each time the student retakes a quiz or lab practical, a new set of questions is generated. NEW Hundreds of new images and views are included, especially of the human cadaver, anatomical models, and histology. NEW Turn-off highlight feature in quizzes and lab practicals gives students the option to see a structure without the highlight overlay
SPOTLIGHT ON An Assignment and Assessment System Mastering&P Get your students ready for the A&P course. Get Ready for A&P allows you to assign tutorials and assessments on topics students should have learned prior to the A&P course Study Skills Body Basics Basic Math Review Chemistry Cell Biology Logged In as Jennifer Smith, Student I Help I Log out n11.I Which neuroglia are the most abundant and versatile of the glial cells? D Motivate your students to C Schwann cells C ependymal cells come to class Chma ( my prepared. Feedback cytes are the most abundant and versatile glial cells. They anchor neurons to capillaries, aid in the exchange between Assignable Reading Quizzes motivate your students to read the textbook before coming to class we renal structures of the nephron Drag the tabes onto the diagram to identify the regional structures e the ne D Assign art from the textbook Assign and assess figures from the textbook You labeled 2 of 5 ugen ncorrecay Rewew me strucure in whicn ne h ran of unne a
xvi Motivate your students to come to class prepared. Assignable Reading Quizzes motivate your students to read the textbook before coming to class. Assign art from the textbook. Assign and assess figures from the textbook. An Assignment and Assessment System SPOTLIGHT ON Get your students ready for the A&P course. Get Ready for A&P allows you to assign tutorials and assessments on topics students should have learned prior to the A&P course. • Study Skills • Basic Math Review • Terminology • Body Basics • Chemistry • Cell Biology
Give your students extra coaching. Assign tutorials from your Physiology"(IP)and A&P Flix" -to help students understand and visualize tough topics. Mastering&P provides coaching through helpful wrong-answer feedback d hints 机面们dOa Part B-Q D Give students 24/7 lab practice. Practice Anatomy Lab"(PAL)3.0 is a tool that helps students study for their lab practicals outside of the lab. to learn more bout 3.0 Identify the highlighted muscle Anatomy &t Physiology 101 Identify struggler 44“44“4-4 students before it's too late :4 gA&P has a color-coded gradebook that helps you identify 4 :4叫4:4叫4叫444“4=42x ulnerable students at a glance. 44叫4叫叫44“4444:4 1“M叫川:”1 Assignments in Mastering A&P are A4叫1=m4104a44m4“4 automatically graded, and grades can be easily exported to course Gotowww.masteringaandp.comtowatchthedemomovie X
Go to www.masteringaandp.com to watch the demo movie. xvii Give your students extra coaching. Assign tutorials from your favorite media—such as Interactive Physiology® (IP) and A&P Flix™—to help students understand and visualize tough topics. MasteringA&P provides coaching through helpful wrong-answer feedback and hints. Give students 24/7 lab practice. Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™) 3.0 is a tool that helps students study for their lab practicals outside of the lab. To learn more about 3.0, see pages xiv-xv. Identify struggling students before it’s too late. MasteringA&P has a color-coded gradebook that helps you identify vulnerable students at a glance. Assignments in MasteringA&P are automatically graded, and grades can be easily exported to course management systems or spreadsheets