JAMES N. PASLEY N USMLE ROAD MAP PHYSIOLOGY HIGH-YIELD FACTS ) ILLUSTRATIONS D CLINICAL PROBLEMS CLINICAL CORRELATIONS 口m=m==TheBestRoutetostep1suces
The McGraw- Hill Companies opyright o 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Co Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976. no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143556-5 The material in this e Book also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-140076-1 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every rence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trade wner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this bool have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george hoare @mcgraw- mor(212)904-4069 TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc ("McGraw-Hill) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill's prior consent. Yo se the work own noncommercial and personal I other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED"AS IS". MCGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WAR. RANTY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your nents or that its will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for racy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no cir- cumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, cons uential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatso- ever whether such claim or cause arises in contract. tort or otherwise DOI:10.10360071435565
Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143556-5 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-140076-1 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071435565 ebook_copyright 8 x 10.qxd 8/27/03 9:33 AM Page 1
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For more information about this title. click here GONTENNIS Using the Road Map Series for Successful Review 1. Cell Physiology IL Ion channels 4 II. Cell signaling 8 IV Membrane potential 11 V. Structure of Skeletal Muscle 13 I Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission 18 Ⅵ II. Smooth muscle22 Clinical Problems 24 2. Cardiovascular Physiology L. General Principles 27 IL Hemody Ill. Electrophy V Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output 37 V. Cardiac Cycle with Pressures and ECG 42 VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure 44 VIl. Control Mechanisms and Special Circulations 44 VIlL. Integrative Function 48 Clinical Problems 5 3. Respiratory Physiology. L Lung volumes and Capacities 56 II. Muscles of Breathing 58 Ill. Lung Corm, sf Lung Recoil 61 nce IV Components V. Airway Resistance 62 VIL. Carbon Dioxide Transport o port 63 VI Gas Exchange and Oxygen Transp VIll. Respiration Control 68 IX Pulmonary Blood Flow 70 X. Ventilation-Perfusion Differences 73 XL. Special Environments 74 Clinical Problems 75 4. Body Fluids, Renal, and Acid-Base Physiology L. Body Fluids 79 II Kidney Function 83 Ill. Renal Anatomy 84 IV Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration 87 Copyright o 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for Terms of Us
CONTENTS Using the Road Map Series for Successful Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1. Cell Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I. Plasma Membrane 1 II. Ion Channels 4 III. Cell Signaling 8 IV. Membrane Potential 11 V. Structure of Skeletal Muscle 13 VI. Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission 18 VII. Smooth Muscle 22 Clinical Problems 24 Answers 25 2. Cardiovascular Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 I. General Principles 27 II. Hemodynamics 27 III. Electrophysiology 32 IV. Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output 37 V. Cardiac Cycle with Pressures and ECG 42 VI. Regulation of Arterial Pressure 44 VII. Control Mechanisms and Special Circulations 44 VIII. Integrative Function 48 Clinical Problems 51 Answers 53 3. Respiratory Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 I. Lung Volumes and Capacities 56 II. Muscles of Breathing 58 III. Lung Compliance 60 IV. Components of Lung Recoil 61 V. Airway Resistance 62 VI. Gas Exchange and Oxygen Transport 63 VII. Carbon Dioxide Transport 67 VIII. Respiration Control 68 IX. Pulmonary Blood Flow 70 X. Ventilation-Perfusion Differences 73 XI. Special Environments 74 Clinical Problems 75 Answers 77 4. Body Fluids, Renal, and Acid-Base Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 I. Body Fluids 79 II. Kidney Function 83 III. Renal Anatomy 84 IV. Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration 87 iii 5506fm01.qxd_sw 2/17/03 2:09 PM Page iii For more information about this title, click here. Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for Terms of Use
V. Transport Mechanisms of Nephron Segments 91 VI Regulation of NaCl Excretion 95 VIl. Potassium Regulation 98 VIll. Renal Handling of Glucose 98 IX. Urea Regulation 98 XI. Renal Calcium Regulation 99 XIl Magnesium Regulation 100 XIIL Co 100 XIV. Acid-Base Balance 101 XV. Diagnostic Hints for Acid-Base Disorders 10 L Selected Acid-Base Disorders 106 Clinical Problems 108 Answers 110 .113 I. Regulation: Muscle, Nerves, and Hormones of the Gut 113 Il Salivary Secretion 114 Ill. Swallowing 116 IV Gastric Motor Function 117 V. Gastric Secretion 119 VI. Motility of the Small Intestine 123 VIl Exocrine Pancreas 125 VIll. Biliary Secretion 126 IX. Digestion and Absorption 1 X Motility of the Colon and Rectum 133 6 Endocrine Physiology∴∴……∵ ...139 I. General Principles 139 IL Adrenal Cortex 142 Ill. Adrenal Medulla 147 V Glucagon 7, eas 148 VI Human Growth Hormone 154 VIl. Hormonal Calcium Regulation 155 VIII. Thyroid Hormones 158 IX Male Reproductive Hormones 161 X Female Reproductive Hormones 164 Clinical Problems 170 7. Neurophysin 174 I Autonomic Nervous System 174 II. Sensory Syster IIL Motor Pathy ion of the Cerebral Cortex 201 in Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid 203 VI Body t
V. Transport Mechanisms of Nephron Segments 91 VI. Regulation of NaCl Excretion 95 VII. Potassium Regulation 98 VIII. Renal Handling of Glucose 98 IX. Urea Regulation 98 X. Phosphate Regulation 99 XI. Renal Calcium Regulation 99 XII. Magnesium Regulation 100 XIII. Concentrating and Diluting Mechanisms 100 XIV. Acid-Base Balance 101 XV. Diagnostic Hints for Acid-Base Disorders 104 XVI. Selected Acid-Base Disorders 106 Clinical Problems 108 Answers 110 5. Gastrointestinal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 I. Regulation: Muscle, Nerves, and Hormones of the Gut 113 II. Salivary Secretion 114 III. Swallowing 116 IV. Gastric Motor Function 117 V. Gastric Secretion 119 VI. Motility of the Small Intestine 123 VII. Exocrine Pancreas 125 VIII. Biliary Secretion 126 IX. Digestion and Absorption 128 X. Motility of the Colon and Rectum 133 Clinical Problems 134 Answers 136 6 Endocrine Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 I. General Principles 139 II. Adrenal Cortex 142 III. Adrenal Medulla 147 IV. Endocrine Pancreas 148 V. Glucagon 151 VI. Human Growth Hormone 154 VII. Hormonal Calcium Regulation 155 VIII. Thyroid Hormones 158 IX. Male Reproductive Hormones 161 X. Female Reproductive Hormones 164 Clinical Problems 170 Answers 172 7. Neurophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 I. Autonomic Nervous System 174 II. Sensory System 177 III. Motor Pathways 192 IV. Language Function of the Cerebral Cortex 201 V. The Blood-Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid 203 VI. Body Temperature Regulation 205 iv Contents N 5506fm01.qxd_sw 2/17/03 2:09 PM Page iv