MARTINI/ NATH FUNDAMENTALS OF Anatomy& Physiology
Quick Reference Table of Contents NIT 1: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Im glad i didnt An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1 2. The Chemical Level of Organization 3. The Cellular Level of Organization sell my book 4. The Tissue Level of Organization back!.I still use UNIT 2: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 5. The Integumentary System 144 6. Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure it today 7. The Axial Skeleton 8. The Appendicular Skeleton D Alissa lawrence, RN, BSN 9. Articulations 253 Clearwater florida 10. Muscle Tissue 279 11. The Muscular System 322 UNIT3: CONTROL AND REGULATION 12. Neural Tissue 374 13. The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and exe 416 4. The Brain and Cranial Nerves 448 15. Neural Integration E: Sensory Pathway and the Somatic Nervous System 494 16. Neural Integration Il: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions 516 17. The Special Senses 548 8. The Endocrine System UNIT 4: FLUIDS AND TRANSPORT 19. Blood 638 20. The Heart 21. Blood Vessels and Circulation 22. The Lymphatic System and Immunity UNIT 5: ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGE 23. The Respiratory System 813 24. The Digestive System 25. Metabolism and Energetics 916 26. The Urinary System 953 27. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 997 UNIT 6: CONTINUITY OF LIFE 28. The Reproductive Syste 1031 29. Development and Inheritance 076
Quick Reference Table of Contents UNIT 1: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION 1. An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1 2. The Chemical Level of Organization 26 3. The Cellular Level of Organization 62 4. The Tissue Level of Organization 108 UNIT 2: SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 5. The Integumentary System 144 6. Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure 169 7. The Axial Skeleton 197 8. The Appendicular Skeleton 232 9. Articulations 253 10. Muscle Tissue 279 11. The Muscular System 322 UNIT 3: CONTROL AND REGULATION 12. Neural Tissue 374 13. The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes 416 14. The Brain and Cranial Nerves 448 15. Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System 494 16. Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions 516 17. The Special Senses 548 18. The Endocrine System 593 UNIT 4: FLUIDS AND TRANSPORT 19. Blood 638 20. The Heart 669 21. Blood Vessels and Circulation 707 22. The Lymphatic System and Immunity 764 UNIT 5: ENVIRONMENTAL EXCHANGE 23. The Respiratory System 813 24. The Digestive System 862 25. Metabolism and Energetics 916 26. The Urinary System 953 27. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Balance 997 UNIT 6: CONTINUITY OF LIFE 28. The Reproductive System 1031 29. Development and Inheritance 1076 “I’m glad I didn’t sell my book back!…I still use it today!” Alissa Lawrence, RN, BSN Clearwater, Florida
Your a&p textbook is a valuabl nvestment in your future-an investment you will want to keep I'm glad I kept my A&P textbook because I used it as a reference in graduate school, and I still use it occasionally to help explain issues to patients. It is important to have access to texts that help make the topic understandable and that approach the topic in a meaningful way. I feel that being able to integrate the information in the text with actual practice is critical for learning and practice. D Meg Portwood, RN, MS, FNP Lincoln City, Oregon I still have the text and used it several times throughout Physician Assistant school. My Martini/Nath Fundamentals of A&P text was definitely a valuable text throughout my PA program because of the constant learning process. As I went through topics such as pharmacology it was often imperative to review specific physiology and occasionally anatomy in order to fully understand how medications, etc. affect the various body systems in order to achieve the desired result. Aaron Mccloud pa San Francisco, California I still have my A&P textbook! As a Registered Nurse, I find my A&P textbook extremely valuable. The study of anatomy and physiology will provide you with the building blocks of knowledge in understanding the complexities of the human body and its functions. Cynthia Pronze, RN, MSN Ann Arbor, Michigan
“I’m glad I kept my A&P textbook because I used it as a reference in graduate school, and I still use it occasionally to help explain issues to patients. It is important to have access to texts that help make the topic understandable and that approach the topic in a meaningful way. I feel that being able to integrate the information in the text with actual practice is critical for learning and practice.” “I still have the text and used it several times throughout Physician Assistant school. My Martini/Nath Fundamentals of A&P text was definitely a valuable text throughout my PA program because of the constant learning process. As I went through topics such as pharmacology it was often imperative to review specific physiology and occasionally anatomy in order to fully understand how medications, etc. affect the various body systems in order to achieve the desired result.” “I still have my A&P textbook! As a Registered Nurse, I find my A&P textbook extremely valuable. The study of anatomy and physiology will provide you with the building blocks of knowledge in understanding the complexities of the human body and its functions.” Your A&P textbook is a valuable investment in your future—an investment you will want to keep! Cynthia Pronze, RN, MSN Ann Arbor, Michigan Aaron McCloud, PA San Francisco, California Meg Portwood, RN, MS, FNP Lincoln City, Oregon
FUNDAMENTALS OF Anatomy Physiolog Ninth edition Frederich. martini, ph. D University of Hawaii at Manoa Judi L Nath, ph. D ourdes college Edwin f. Bartholomew, m.s. William C. Ober, M D Art Coordinator and Illustrator Claire w. garrison, RN Kathleen welch m. d Clinical consultant Ralph T Hutch Biomedical Photographer Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Frederic H. Martini, Ph.D. University of Hawaii at Manoa Judi L. Nath, Ph.D. Lourdes College Edwin F. Bartholomew, M.S. & William C. Ober, M.D. Art Coordinator and Illustrator Claire W. Garrison, R.N. Illustrator Kathleen Welch, M.D. Clinical Consultant Ralph T. Hutchings Biomedical Photographer FUNDAMENTALS OF Anatomy Physiology Ninth Edition
Executive Editor: Leslie berrima Director of Media Development: Lauren Fogel Project Editor: Robin pille Media Producer: Aimee Pavy Director of Development: Barbara Yien Design Manager: Marilyn Perry Development Editor: Anne A. Reid Interior and Cover Designer: tani hasegawa Editorial Assistant: Nicole mcfadden Contributing Illustrators: imagineer near. com Senior Managing Editor: Deborah Cogan Senior photo editor: donna kalal Production Project Manager: Caroline Ayres Photo Researcher: Maureen Spuhle Copyeditor: Michael rossa Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Production Management and Compositor: S4Carlisle Marketing Manager: Derek Perrigo Cover Photo Credit: Mike Powell/Getty Images Notice: Our knowledge in clinical sciences is constantly changing. The authors and the publisher of his volume have taken care that the information contained herein is accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of the publication. Nevertheless, it is difficult to ensure that all information given is entirely accurate for all circumstances. The authors and the publisher disclaim any liability, loss, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the us nd application of any of the contents of this volume. Copyright o 2012 by Frederic H. Martini, Inc, Judi L Nath, LLC, and Edwin E. Bartholomew, Inc. Published by Pearson Education, Inc, publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St, San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s)to g to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by an use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave, Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call(847)486-2635 Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps MasteringA&P", A&P Flix, Practice Anatomy Lab"(PAL"), and Interactive Physiology'are trademarks, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Martini, frederic. Fundamentals of anatomy physiology/Frederic H. Martini, Judi L Nath, Edwin E. Bartholomew; with William C. Ober, art coordinator and illustrator: Claire W. Garrison illustrator: Kathleen Welch, clinical consultant; Ralph T Hutchings, biomedical photographer. -9th ed p. cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-321-70933-2(student edition: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-321-70933-0(student edition: alk. paper)1. Human physiology--Textbooks 2 Human anatomy-Textbooks L. Nath, Judi Lindsley. Il. Bartholomew, Edwin F. Ill. Title IV. Title: Fundamentals of anatomy and [DNLM: 1. Anatomy. 2. Physiology. QS 34.5M272012 612-dc22 2010043347 Benjamin Cummings 0-321-70933-0(Student edition) is an imprint of 978-0321-70933-2(Student edition) 0-321-76625-3 9780321-766250( Exam Copy) PEARSON www.pearsonhighered.com 12345678910-DOw-1413121110
Executive Editor: Leslie Berriman Project Editor: Robin Pille Director of Development: Barbara Yien Development Editor: Anne A. Reid Editorial Assistant: Nicole McFadden Senior Managing Editor: Deborah Cogan Production Project Manager: Caroline Ayres Copyeditor: Michael Rossa Production Management and Compositor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services, Inc. Cover Photo Credit: Mike Powell/Getty Images Notice: Our knowledge in clinical sciences is constantly changing. The authors and the publisher of this volume have taken care that the information contained herein is accurate and compatible with the standards generally accepted at the time of the publication. Nevertheless, it is difficult to ensure that all information given is entirely accurate for all circumstances. The authors and the publisher disclaim any liability, loss, or damage incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of this volume. Copyright © 2012 by Frederic H. Martini, Inc., Judi L. Nath, LLC, and Edwin F. Bartholomew, Inc. Published by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, 1900 E. Lake Ave., Glenview, IL 60025. For information regarding permissions, call (847) 486-2635. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. MasteringA&P™, A&P Flix™, Practice Anatomy Lab™ (PAL™), and Interactive Physiology® are trademarks, in the U.S. and/or other countries, of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. Director of Media Development: Lauren Fogel Media Producer: Aimee Pavy Design Manager: Marilyn Perry Interior and Cover Designer: tani hasegawa Contributing Illustrators: imagineeringart.com Senior Photo Editor: Donna Kalal Photo Researcher: Maureen Spuhler Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Derek Perrigo 0-321-70933-0 (Student edition) 978-0321-70933-2 (Student edition) 0-321-76625-3 (Exam Copy) 978-0321-76625-0 (Exam Copy) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—DOW—14 13 12 11 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Martini, Frederic. Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology/Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew; with William C. Ober, art coordinator and illustrator; Claire W. Garrison, illustrator; Kathleen Welch, clinical consultant; Ralph T. Hutchings, biomedical photographer. — 9th ed. p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-321-70933-2 (student edition : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-321-70933-0 (student edition : alk. paper) 1. Human physiology—Textbooks. 2. Human anatomy—Textbooks. I. Nath, Judi Lindsley. II. Bartholomew, Edwin F. III. Title. IV. Title: Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy. 2. Physiology. QS 4] QP34.5.M27 2012 612—dc22 2010043347