Historical Perspective~19oo Advent of biological processes to treatorganics derived from human or animal wastes (andthe sludges produced)~1950 Approaches to extend wastewater treatment toindustrial wastes~1960 Investigations into the bioremediation ofsynthetic chemicals in wastewaters~1970 Application in hydrocarbon contamination suchas oil spills and petroleum in groundwater~1980 Investigations of bioremediation applicationsfor substituted organics~1990 Natural Attenuation of 70 and 90, and thedevelopment of barrier approaches~2ooo High-rate in situ bioremediation; source zonereduction; bioaugmentation
Historical Perspective • ~1900 Advent of biological processes to treat organics derived from human or animal wastes (and the sludges produced) • ~1950 Approaches to extend wastewater treatment to industrial wastes • ~1960 Investigations into the bioremediation of synthetic chemicals in wastewaters • ~1970 Application in hydrocarbon contamination such as oil spills and petroleum in groundwater • ~1980 Investigations of bioremediation applications for substituted organics • ~1990 Natural Attenuation of ’70 and ’90, and the development of barrier approaches • ~2000 High-rate in situ bioremediation; source zone reduction; bioaugmentation
LeakingchemicaltankResidential areaSurfacewater(pond, lake,Vaporsstream,river)SedimentSurfacesoilWellsprovidewatertohomesChemicalNear-surfaceleaksoilGroundwater(e.g.,aquifer)Bedrock0Copygre2009PeersonEducation,i
Fundamentals of cleanupreactions Aerobic metabolism- Microbes use O, in their metabolism todegrade contaminantsAnaerobic. metabolism- Microbes substitute another chemical forO, to degrade contaminants?Nitrate, iron, sulfate, carbon dioxide,uranium, technicium, perchlorate
Fundamentals of cleanup reactions • Aerobic metabolism –Microbes use O2 in their metabolism to degrade contaminants • Anaerobic metabolism –Microbes substitute another chemical for O2 to degrade contaminants • Nitrate, iron, sulfate, carbon dioxide, uranium, technicium, perchlorate
ReductionBAAoxidizedBreducedElectronacceptorlOxidizingagentOxidationCopyrignt 2009 Pearton Educathon. tnc
CometabolismBacterium uses someother carbon anddegradationenergy source toproductscontaminantpartially degradecontaminant(organic aromaticring compound)bacteriumcornCO2 + H,0starch
Cometabolism • Bacterium uses some other carbon and energy source to partially degrade contaminant (organic aromatic ring compound) bacterium corn starch CO2 + H2O contaminant degradation products