4.5 Requlation of Metabolism Earl W. Sutherland, Jr, CAMP as the second messager for hormones to requlate cell metabolism(Nobel Prize in 1971) Alfred G. Gilman and Martin rodbell involvement of membrane G-proteins in signal transduction of hormones(Nobel Prize in 1994) Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G, Krebs regulation of enzymatic activity by reversible phosphorylation(Nobel Prize in 1992)
4.5 Regulation of Metabolism • Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., cAMP as the second messager for hormones to regulate cell metabolism (Nobel Prize in 1971). • Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell, involvement of membrane G-proteins in signal transduction of hormones (Nobel Prize in 1994). • Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs, regulation of enzymatic activity by reversible phosphorylation (Nobel Prize in 1992)
4.6 Photosynthesis Hans Fischer, constitution of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and its similarity to heme( Nobel Prize in 1930) Melvin Calvin, Calvin cycle for cO2 assimilation(Nobel Prize in 1961) Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, and Hartmut michel. 3-D structure of a Photosynthetic reaction center from a purple bacterium(Nobel Prize in 1988
4.6 Photosynthesis • Hans Fischer, constitution of chlorophyll (叶绿素) and its similarity to heme (Nobel Prize in 1930). • Melvin Calvin, Calvin cycle for CO2 assimilation (Nobel Prize in 1961). • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, and Hartmut Michel, 3-D structure of a Photosynthetic reaction center from a purple bacterium (Nobel Prize in 1988)
4.7 DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg, enzymatic synthesis of RNa and dNa(Nobel Prize in 1959) Marshall W. Nirenberg, Har Gobind Khorana interpretation of the genetic codes in protel synthesis(Noble Prize in 1968) Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff, and Jacques Monod, Mechanisms to switch genes one and off in prokaryotes(Nobel Prize in 1965) David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, and Howard Martin Temin, enzymatic RNA-dependent DNA synthesis in tumor viruses(Nobel Prize in 1975)
4.7 DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis • Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg, enzymatic synthesis of RNA and DNA (Nobel Prize in 1959). • Marshall W. Nirenberg, Har Gobind Khorana, interpretation of the genetic codes in protein synthesis (Noble Prize in 1968). • Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff, and Jacques Monod, Mechanisms to switch genes one and off in prokaryotes (Nobel Prize in 1965). • David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, and Howard Martin Temin, enzymatic RNA-dependent DNA synthesis in tumor viruses (Nobel Prize in 1975)
Barbara McClintock, mobile genetic elements or transposons(Nobel Prize in 1983) Susumu Tonegawa, genetic principle for the generation of antibody diversity(Nobel Prize in 1987) Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech, RNA catalyzed RNa processing( Ribozyme,核酶) (Nobel Prize in 1989) Richard J. Roberts and Philip A. Sharp eukaryotic genes are split and have to be spliced(383*) after transcription(Noble Prize in 1993) Gunter Blobel, intrinsic signals govern protein localization(Nobel Prize in 1999)
• Barbara McClintock, mobile genetic elements or transposons (Nobel Prize in 1983). • Susumu Tonegawa, genetic principle for the generation of antibody diversity (Nobel Prize in 1987). • Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech, RNA catalyzed RNA processing (Ribozyme，核酶) (Nobel Prize in 1989). • Richard J. Roberts and Philip A. Sharp, eukaryotic genes are split and have to be spliced (剪接） after transcription (Noble Prize in 1993). • Gunter Blobel, intrinsic signals govern protein localization (Nobel Prize in 1999)