工程科学学报 Chinese Journal of Engineering 宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路 蔡美峰吴允权李鹏潘继良洪伟李军 Present situation and ideas of green development of coal resources in Ningxia Province CAI Mei-feng.WU Yun-quan,LI Peng,PAN Ji-liang.HONG Wei,LI Jun 引用本文: 蔡美峰,吴允权,李鹏,潘继良,洪伟,李军.宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路).工程科学学报,2022,44(1):1-10.doi: 10.13374j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002 CAI Mei-feng.WU Yun-quan,LI Peng.PAN Ji-liang.HONG Wei,LI Jun.Present situation and ideas of green development of coal resources in Ningxia Province[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2022,44(1):1-10.doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002 在线阅读View online::htps:/doi.org/10.13374.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002 您可能感兴趣的其他文章 Articles you may be interested in 中国膏体技术发展现状与趋势 Status and prospects of paste technology in China 工程科学学报.2018.40(5:517htps:ldoi.org10.13374.issn2095-9389.2018.05.001 金属矿深部开采现状与发展战略 Current status and development strategy of metal mines 工程科学学报.2019,41(4):417 https::/1doi.org10.13374.issn2095-9389.2019.04.001 层状金属复合材料的发展历程及现状 Development and present situation of laminated metal composites 工程科学学报.2021,43(1):67 https:/doi.org/10.13374.issn2095-9389.2020.06.17.002 煤矿搜救机器人履带式行走机构性能评价体系 Performance evaluation system of the tracked walking mechanism of a coal mine rescue robot 工程科学学报.2017,3912:1913htps:oi.org10.13374.issn2095-9389.2017.12.019 废旧锂离子电池资源现状及回收利用 Overview of present situation and technologies for the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries 工程科学学报.2021,43(2:161 https:/1doi.org/10.13374.issn2095-9389.2020.09.11.004 钒资源现状及有机磷类萃取剂萃钒的研究进展 Current status of vanadium resources and research progress on vanadium extraction with organic phosphorus extractants 工程科学学报.2021,43(5:603htps:/doi.org10.13374issn2095-9389.2020.09.29.004
宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路 蔡美峰 吴允权 李鹏 潘继良 洪伟 李军 Present situation and ideas of green development of coal resources in Ningxia Province CAI Mei-feng, WU Yun-quan, LI Peng, PAN Ji-liang, HONG Wei, LI Jun 引用本文: 蔡美峰, 吴允权, 李鹏, 潘继良, 洪伟, 李军. 宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路[J]. 工程科学学报, 2022, 44(1): 1-10. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002 CAI Mei-feng, WU Yun-quan, LI Peng, PAN Ji-liang, HONG Wei, LI Jun. Present situation and ideas of green development of coal resources in Ningxia Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2022, 44(1): 1-10. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002 在线阅读 View online: https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002 您可能感兴趣的其他文章 Articles you may be interested in 中国膏体技术发展现状与趋势 Status and prospects of paste technology in China 工程科学学报. 2018, 40(5): 517 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.05.001 金属矿深部开采现状与发展战略 Current status and development strategy of metal mines 工程科学学报. 2019, 41(4): 417 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.04.001 层状金属复合材料的发展历程及现状 Development and present situation of laminated metal composites 工程科学学报. 2021, 43(1): 67 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.06.17.002 煤矿搜救机器人履带式行走机构性能评价体系 Performance evaluation system of the tracked walking mechanism of a coal mine rescue robot 工程科学学报. 2017, 39(12): 1913 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2017.12.019 废旧锂离子电池资源现状及回收利用 Overview of present situation and technologies for the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries 工程科学学报. 2021, 43(2): 161 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.11.004 钒资源现状及有机磷类萃取剂萃钒的研究进展 Current status of vanadium resources and research progress on vanadium extraction with organic phosphorus extractants 工程科学学报. 2021, 43(5): 603 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.29.004
工程科学学报.第44卷,第1期:1-10.2022年1月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.44,No.1:1-10,January 2022 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路 蔡美峰12,吴允权2),李鹏2四,潘继良12,洪伟2,李军12) 1)北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京1000832)北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:pengli@ustb.edu.cn 摘要针对宁夏地区煤矿开采现状,归纳总结了宁夏煤矿开采亟待解决的技术问题,如基础理论与技术瓶颈亟待突破、绿 色开发技术标准与规范不完善、绿色开发技术与装备保障不足以及缺乏示范引领与政策支持.从宁夏煤炭工业未来发展的 现实需求出发,提出了宁夏煤矿绿色开发的战略思想、发展蓝图和战略目标,形成其总体战略布局,在此基础上,从多方面提 出了宁夏煤矿未来绿色开发的技术路径,主要包括煤炭开采水资源保护技术、矿井水大规模低成本处理技术、矿区地表生态 减损和修复技术、智能化绿色开采技术以及洁净煤技术.最后提出了宁夏煤矿绿色发展的可行性建议.明确绿色发展理念 与目标,积极实施绿色矿业,助力生态环境和生态文明建设迈上新的台阶,最终实现宁夏煤炭产业的高质量可持续发展 关键词宁夏地区:煤矿:绿色开发:战略布局:技术路径:可持续发展 分类号TD713 Present situation and ideas of green development of coal resources in Ningxia Province CAI Mei-feng2,WU Yun-quan 2),LI Peng2,PAN Ji-liang2),HONG Wei2),LI Jun2) 1)School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines(Ministry of Education of China),University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:pengli@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Ningxia province is a major coal-producing province in Northwest China that contributes significantly to China's economic development.However,long-term coal mining in Ningxia province has brought many environmental issues,such as surface collapse,destruction of water resources,air pollution,and random stacking of waste coal gangue.Hence,promoting the coordinated development of coal mining and environmental protection and improving the overall level of green coal development have become two critical issues for the development of the coal industry in this region.According to the current situation of coal mining in Ningxia province,the technical problems that require immediate resolution,such as the bottleneck of basic theory and technology,imperfect technical standards and norms of green development,insufficient support of green development technique and equipment,and lack of demonstration guidance and policy support were summarized.Moreover,the strategic thought,development blueprint,and strategic objectives of green development of coal mines were put forward based on the realistic demand of future development of the coal industry in Ningxia province,forming the overall strategic layout in this region.On this basis,the technical paths for future green development of coal mines in Ningxia province were proposed from various perspectives,primarily water resources protection technology of coal mining.large-scale and low-cost treatment technology of mine water,surface ecological restoration technology of mining area, intelligent and green mining technology,and clean coal technology.Finally,some feasible suggestions for the green development of coal mines in Ningxia province were proposed.We should clarified the concept and goal of green development and actively implement green 收稿日期:2021-04-21 基金项目:中国工程科技发展战略宁夏研究院战略研究项目(2019NXZD2):中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF.TP20 041A1)
宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路 蔡美峰1,2),吴允权1,2),李 鹏1,2) 苣,潘继良1,2),洪 伟1,2),李 军1,2) 1) 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083 苣通信作者, E-mail: pengli@ustb.edu.cn 摘 要 针对宁夏地区煤矿开采现状,归纳总结了宁夏煤矿开采亟待解决的技术问题,如基础理论与技术瓶颈亟待突破、绿 色开发技术标准与规范不完善、绿色开发技术与装备保障不足以及缺乏示范引领与政策支持. 从宁夏煤炭工业未来发展的 现实需求出发,提出了宁夏煤矿绿色开发的战略思想、发展蓝图和战略目标,形成其总体战略布局. 在此基础上,从多方面提 出了宁夏煤矿未来绿色开发的技术路径,主要包括煤炭开采水资源保护技术、矿井水大规模低成本处理技术、矿区地表生态 减损和修复技术、智能化绿色开采技术以及洁净煤技术. 最后,提出了宁夏煤矿绿色发展的可行性建议. 明确绿色发展理念 与目标,积极实施绿色矿业,助力生态环境和生态文明建设迈上新的台阶,最终实现宁夏煤炭产业的高质量可持续发展. 关键词 宁夏地区;煤矿;绿色开发;战略布局;技术路径;可持续发展 分类号 TD713 Present situation and ideas of green development of coal resources in Ningxia Province CAI Mei-feng1,2) ,WU Yun-quan1,2) ,LI Peng1,2) 苣 ,PAN Ji-liang1,2) ,HONG Wei1,2) ,LI Jun1,2) 1) School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines (Ministry of Education of China), University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: pengli@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Ningxia province is a major coal-producing province in Northwest China that contributes significantly to China ’s economic development. However, long-term coal mining in Ningxia province has brought many environmental issues, such as surface collapse, destruction of water resources, air pollution, and random stacking of waste coal gangue. Hence, promoting the coordinated development of coal mining and environmental protection and improving the overall level of green coal development have become two critical issues for the development of the coal industry in this region. According to the current situation of coal mining in Ningxia province, the technical problems that require immediate resolution, such as the bottleneck of basic theory and technology, imperfect technical standards and norms of green development, insufficient support of green development technique and equipment, and lack of demonstration guidance and policy support were summarized. Moreover, the strategic thought, development blueprint, and strategic objectives of green development of coal mines were put forward based on the realistic demand of future development of the coal industry in Ningxia province, forming the overall strategic layout in this region. On this basis, the technical paths for future green development of coal mines in Ningxia province were proposed from various perspectives, primarily water resources protection technology of coal mining, large-scale and low-cost treatment technology of mine water, surface ecological restoration technology of mining area, intelligent and green mining technology, and clean coal technology. Finally, some feasible suggestions for the green development of coal mines in Ningxia province were proposed. We should clarified the concept and goal of green development and actively implement green 收稿日期: 2021−04−21 基金项目: 中国工程科技发展战略宁夏研究院战略研究项目(2019NXZD2);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-TP-20- 041A1) 工程科学学报,第 44 卷,第 1 期:1−10,2022 年 1 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 1: 1−10, January 2022 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.21.002; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn
工程科学学报,第44卷.第1期 mining to promote the ecological environment and ecological civilization to a new level and realize the high-quality,sustainable development of the coal industry in Ningxia province KEY WORDS Ningxia province;coal mines;green mining;strategic layout;technology path;sustainable development 作为我国现阶段最主要的一次性能源和重要 总体来看,宁夏煤炭绿色矿山建设水平仍有很大 战略资源,煤炭广泛应用于电力、重工业及民生等 的提升空间 各个领域,在我国能源结构中占据了主体地位,这 综上所述,发展绿色矿业、建设绿色矿山,既 一现状在未来很长一段时间内恐将难以改变山中 是立足宁夏地区提高能源资源保障能力的现实选 国工程院在《国家能源发展战略2030一2050》报 择,也是转变当地矿业发展方式、建设“资源节约 告中也指出,到2030年,我国煤炭仍约需25~ 型社会、环境友好型社会”的必然要求,对宁夏地 30亿吨四.改革开放以来,随着我国经济的快速发 区经济社会发展全局具有十分重要的现实意义和 展,煤炭资源的需求量也随之大幅增加,导致全国 深远的战略意义 范围内大规模开发煤炭资源.然而,煤炭开采在给 1宁夏煤矿绿色开发现状 社会带来经济效益的同时,煤矿的过度开采、不规 范开采也带来了一系列严重的污染和生态环境破 1.1开发概况 坏问题,制约着我国煤炭工业的健康可持续发展 宁夏作为我国的煤炭主产区之一,煤矿储量 因此,在煤炭开采中减少对环境的破坏,全面综合 充裕,煤种较为丰富,主要包含无烟煤、贫煤、瘦 考虑煤炭经济的循环绿色发展,积极推广绿色的 煤、焦煤、肥煤、气煤、气肥煤、不黏结煤、弱黏结 采煤技术已成为新时期煤炭工业发展的重要方向) 煤、长焰煤、褐煤等.主要采煤区基本上位于黄河 煤炭绿色开发是以保护生态环境、降低资源消 两岸,开采条件便利目前,宁夏累计查明煤炭 耗、追求可循环经济为目标,实现煤炭开采和环境 资源储量400多亿吨,在全国排名第6位.近年来 保护的协调发展,最大程度地降低资源储备消耗 宁夏原煤产量增长较快,2020年全区煤炭产量已 和采矿成本,以科学、高效的生产方式创造良好的 达到亿吨 经济效益和社会效益 本文调研了宁夏全区31对生产矿井的生产能 宁夏位于我国西北地区,拥有丰富的煤矿资 力情况、采煤方法及采煤工艺,并简要统计汇总于 源,优质及充裕的煤矿产出推动了当地经济的快 表1.可以看出,全区煤炭年产量在1亿吨以上,产 速发展,宁夏地区煤田经过近半个世纪的加速开 能占比约80%.宁夏地区大部分煤矿基本都采用 采,目前引发的环境破坏问题是多方面的,且均较 了走向长壁综合机械化采煤法,全部垮落法管理 为严重,宁夏主要产煤区建设矿山工场、采煤场、 顶板;个别煤矿采用房柱式采煤法.需要说明的 选煤场等配套项目时,大规模的场地平整及挖方 是,有些煤矿同时采用了两种或多种采煤方法 将扰动、破坏原有的地表植被,造成地形地貌、土 1.2存在的问题 体构造及其理化性质的改变-废弃的煤矸石中 目前,宁夏多个煤矿实施了绿色开采技术,取 含有金属、碱土金属和硫化物以及有机成分,还含 得了显著的成果.但由于宁夏地区煤层埋藏较 有一定量的重金属,会造成土壤重金属污染67煤 浅、风积沙严重、生态环境脆弱等现实情况,绿色 层的开采引发了上覆岩体的动态移动,在很大程 开发技术还不完善,区内推广程度相对较低,尚存 度上破坏了土地资源,使得地表水在地裂缝中出 在一些亟待解决的问题 现漏失现象⑧在煤矿开采与加工过程中,地表 (1)基础理论与技术瓶颈亟待突破 水的基流和水质受到了严重影响,污水等处理设 虽然宁夏地区已组织了煤矿绿色开发技术的研 施还有待改进0山.随着宁夏地区煤矿采掘深度 发,但矸石回填技术、深部煤层瓦斯富集及抽采流 的增加,煤与瓦斯突出的危险性不断加大,煤与瓦 动理论、煤化工技术、矿区生态环境损毁调查诊 斯突出不仅严重威胁着矿山生产和安全,而且还 断及修复技术、土地清洁和污染治理技术、废旧 会引起地质环境的干扰破坏此外,在某些露天 矿山的可持续利用、地貌重塑、土地复垦及植被 煤矿的开采过程中,会产生大量含有害物质的固 恢复技术、工业遗产与自然遗迹保护等基础技术 体粉末,飘散到空气中会产生严重的大气污染] 理论研究还比较薄弱.在煤制油、煤制天然气、煤
mining to promote the ecological environment and ecological civilization to a new level and realize the high-quality, sustainable development of the coal industry in Ningxia province. KEY WORDS Ningxia province;coal mines;green mining;strategic layout;technology path;sustainable development 作为我国现阶段最主要的一次性能源和重要 战略资源,煤炭广泛应用于电力、重工业及民生等 各个领域,在我国能源结构中占据了主体地位,这 一现状在未来很长一段时间内恐将难以改变[1] . 中 国工程院在《国家能源发展战略 2030—2050》报 告中也指出 , 到 2030 年 ,我国煤炭仍约 需 25~ 30 亿吨[2] . 改革开放以来,随着我国经济的快速发 展,煤炭资源的需求量也随之大幅增加,导致全国 范围内大规模开发煤炭资源. 然而,煤炭开采在给 社会带来经济效益的同时,煤矿的过度开采、不规 范开采也带来了一系列严重的污染和生态环境破 坏问题,制约着我国煤炭工业的健康可持续发展. 因此,在煤炭开采中减少对环境的破坏,全面综合 考虑煤炭经济的循环绿色发展,积极推广绿色的 采煤技术已成为新时期煤炭工业发展的重要方向[3] . 煤炭绿色开发是以保护生态环境、降低资源消 耗、追求可循环经济为目标,实现煤炭开采和环境 保护的协调发展,最大程度地降低资源储备消耗 和采矿成本,以科学、高效的生产方式创造良好的 经济效益和社会效益. 宁夏位于我国西北地区,拥有丰富的煤矿资 源,优质及充裕的煤矿产出推动了当地经济的快 速发展. 宁夏地区煤田经过近半个世纪的加速开 采,目前引发的环境破坏问题是多方面的,且均较 为严重. 宁夏主要产煤区建设矿山工场、采煤场、 选煤场等配套项目时,大规模的场地平整及挖方 将扰动、破坏原有的地表植被,造成地形地貌、土 体构造及其理化性质的改变[4−5] . 废弃的煤矸石中 含有金属、碱土金属和硫化物以及有机成分,还含 有一定量的重金属,会造成土壤重金属污染[6−7] . 煤 层的开采引发了上覆岩体的动态移动,在很大程 度上破坏了土地资源,使得地表水在地裂缝中出 现漏失现象[8−9] . 在煤矿开采与加工过程中,地表 水的基流和水质受到了严重影响,污水等处理设 施还有待改进[10−11] . 随着宁夏地区煤矿采掘深度 的增加,煤与瓦斯突出的危险性不断加大,煤与瓦 斯突出不仅严重威胁着矿山生产和安全,而且还 会引起地质环境的干扰破坏[12] . 此外,在某些露天 煤矿的开采过程中,会产生大量含有害物质的固 体粉末,飘散到空气中会产生严重的大气污染[13] . 总体来看,宁夏煤炭绿色矿山建设水平仍有很大 的提升空间. 综上所述,发展绿色矿业、建设绿色矿山,既 是立足宁夏地区提高能源资源保障能力的现实选 择,也是转变当地矿业发展方式、建设“资源节约 型社会、环境友好型社会”的必然要求,对宁夏地 区经济社会发展全局具有十分重要的现实意义和 深远的战略意义. 1 宁夏煤矿绿色开发现状 1.1 开发概况 宁夏作为我国的煤炭主产区之一,煤矿储量 充裕,煤种较为丰富,主要包含无烟煤、贫煤、瘦 煤、焦煤、肥煤、气煤、气肥煤、不黏结煤、弱黏结 煤、长焰煤、褐煤等. 主要采煤区基本上位于黄河 两岸,开采条件便利[14] . 目前,宁夏累计查明煤炭 资源储量 400 多亿吨,在全国排名第 6 位. 近年来 宁夏原煤产量增长较快,2020 年全区煤炭产量已 达到亿吨. 本文调研了宁夏全区 31 对生产矿井的生产能 力情况、采煤方法及采煤工艺,并简要统计汇总于 表 1. 可以看出,全区煤炭年产量在 1 亿吨以上,产 能占比约 80%. 宁夏地区大部分煤矿基本都采用 了走向长壁综合机械化采煤法,全部垮落法管理 顶板;个别煤矿采用房柱式采煤法. 需要说明的 是,有些煤矿同时采用了两种或多种采煤方法. 1.2 存在的问题 目前,宁夏多个煤矿实施了绿色开采技术,取 得了显著的成果. 但由于宁夏地区煤层埋藏较 浅、风积沙严重、生态环境脆弱等现实情况,绿色 开发技术还不完善,区内推广程度相对较低,尚存 在一些亟待解决的问题. (1)基础理论与技术瓶颈亟待突破. 虽然宁夏地区已组织了煤矿绿色开发技术的研 发,但矸石回填技术、深部煤层瓦斯富集及抽采流 动理论、煤化工技术、矿区生态环境损毁调查诊 断及修复技术、土地清洁和污染治理技术、废旧 矿山的可持续利用、地貌重塑、土地复垦及植被 恢复技术、工业遗产与自然遗迹保护等基础技术 理论研究还比较薄弱. 在煤制油、煤制天然气、煤 · 2 · 工程科学学报,第 44 卷,第 1 期
蔡美峰等:宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路 3· 表1宁夏主要生产煤矿生产能力、采煤方法及工艺概述 Table 1 Production capacity,mining method,and technology of main coal mines in Ningxia province Production No. Coal mines capacity/ Brief introduction of coal mining method and technology Locations 10t"a Lingxin 320 Adopting the strike longwall retreating mining method,comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 2 Yangchangwan No.I 900 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full well seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 3 Yangchangwan No.2 300 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full well seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full 4 Meihuajing 1200 seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu Zaoquan 800 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining/caving Lingwu mining method and fully-caving management of the roof 6 Renjiazhuang 360 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 7 Hongshiwan 60 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu Baijigou 160 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,and the fully-caving management of the roof. Shizuishan 9 Jinfeng 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 10 Jinjiaqu 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof Wuzhong Qingshuiying 500 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 12 Shicaocun 600 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 3 Shuangma 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof Lingwu Maiduoshan 800 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 5 Hongliu 800 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 16 Yinxing No.1 well 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 少 Wangwa No.2 well % Adopting the strike longwall mining method,the layered comprehensive mechanized mining technology(divided into three layers),and fully-caving management of the roof. Guyuan 18 Yindonggou 300 Adopting the strike longwall mining method,the layered comprehensive mechanized mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof Guyuan 19 Wangwa 600 Adopting the strike longwall mining method,the layered comprehensive mechanized mining technology (divided into three layers),and fully-caving management of the roof. Guyuan 20 Maliantai 360 Adopting the strike longwall retreating mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof Lingwu > Siguquan No.1 well 60 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 22 Siguquan No.2 well 60 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 23 Hongsi 240 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Yinchuan 24 Dingjialiang 60 Adopting the room and pillar mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 25 Yinxing No.2 well 180 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 26 Songxinzhuang 120 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 个 Hongyi 240 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Yinchuan 28 Yangsi 45 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,ordinary mechanized mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 29 Gaozha 30 Adopting the strike longwall retreating mining method,comprehensive mechanized coal mining Lingwu technology,and fully-caving management of the roof Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method,fully 30 Nuanquan 30 mechanized full seam one passing mining technology,and fully-caving Wuzhong management of the roof. 31 Xiaoquan 30 Adopting the strike longwall mining method,comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology,and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong
表 1 宁夏主要生产煤矿生产能力、采煤方法及工艺概述 Table 1 Production capacity, mining method, and technology of main coal mines in Ningxia province No. Coal mines Production capacity/ (104 t·a–1) Brief introduction of coal mining method and technology Locations 1 Lingxin 320 Adopting the strike longwall retreating mining method, comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 2 Yangchangwan No.1 well 900 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 3 Yangchangwan No.2 well 300 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 4 Meihuajing 1200 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 5 Zaoquan 800 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining/caving mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 6 Renjiazhuang 360 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 7 Hongshiwan 60 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 8 Baijigou 160 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, and the fully-caving management of the roof. Shizuishan 9 Jinfeng 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 10 Jinjiaqu 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 11 Qingshuiying 500 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized fully mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 12 Shicaocun 600 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 13 Shuangma 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 14 Maiduoshan 800 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 15 Hongliu 800 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 16 Yinxing No.1 well 400 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 17 Wangwa No.2 well 300 Adopting the strike longwall mining method, the layered comprehensive mechanized mining technology (divided into three layers), and fully-caving management of the roof. Guyuan 18 Yindonggou 300 Adopting the strike longwall mining method, the layered comprehensive mechanized mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Guyuan 19 Wangwa 600 Adopting the strike longwall mining method, the layered comprehensive mechanized mining technology (divided into three layers), and fully-caving management of the roof. Guyuan 20 Maliantai 360 Adopting the strike longwall retreating mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 21 Siguquan No.1 well 60 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 22 Siguquan No.2 well 60 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 23 Hongsi 240 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method and fully-caving management of the roof. Yinchuan 24 Dingjialiang 60 Adopting the room and pillar mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 25 Yinxing No.2 well 180 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 26 Songxinzhuang 120 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 27 Hongyi 240 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Yinchuan 28 Yangsi 45 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, ordinary mechanized mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 29 Gaozha 30 Adopting the strike longwall retreating mining method, comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Lingwu 30 Nuanquan 30 Adopting the strike longwall comprehensive mechanized mining method, fully mechanized full seam one passing mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 31 Xiaoquan 30 Adopting the strike longwall mining method, comprehensive mechanized coal mining technology, and fully-caving management of the roof. Wuzhong 蔡美峰等: 宁夏地区煤炭资源绿色开发现状与思路 · 3 ·
工程科学学报,第44卷.第1期 化工、煤炭洗选及深加工等技术方面还存在短板, 善当地绿色矿业政策体系建设内容 煤矸石用于矸石电厂发电、矿井中抽采出的瓦斯 牢固树立集约发展的理念.将自治区内煤矿 用于发电等技术尚不成熟,还处于初步探索阶段 储备充裕、开采条件便利、采矿技术先进的矿区 (2)绿色开发技术标准与规范不完善 逐步打造成矿地一体化、共建石材开发基地等不 目前,宁夏地区煤矿绿色开发技术标准与规 同主题的绿色矿业开发示范区及特色矿产综合利 范仍需进一步完善,现行的《宁夏回族自治区矿产 用与生态保护示范区.坚持“节约利用、循环利 资源管理条例》、《宁夏回族自治区煤炭资源勘查 用”的原则,进一步强化资源节约标准,合理回收 开发与保护条例》、《宁夏回族自治区矿山环境治 利用矿山各类废弃资源,提高矿山资源利用率,促 理和生态恢复保证金管理办法》等法律法规难以 进自治区矿山绿色低碳循环发展 满足新形势下绿色矿山生产的要求 牢固树立遵法守规的理念.自治区各矿山企 (3)绿色开发技术与装备保障不足 业需严格遵守国家和自治区绿色矿山建设相关的 适应不同煤层开采条件的绿色开发工艺、配 法律法规和规章制度,矿山开采运营期间需持证 套技术等尚不完善,现有技术装备尚无法完全满 上岗,对不符合国家规范的开采工艺与设备进行 足煤矿清洁生产的需要.宁夏地区煤炭绿色开发 淘汰整改,全面贯彻落实环境保护和安全生产管 整体水平还较低,少量矿山的绿色开采还不能满 理制度 足自治区生态环境保护的要求 牢固树立科技创新的理念.科学技术是第一 (4)缺乏示范引领与政策支持 生产力,加强科技研发与创新工作是绿色矿山建 典型示范与全面推进相结合是多年来我国煤 设的关键内涵.矿山企业需设立工程技术研发中 矿绿色开发的成功经验,而我国煤矿包括宁夏地 心、实验室等创新型平台,从基础理论、关键技 区煤矿绿色发展尚处于起步阶段,缺少明确具体 术、支撑体系和技术应用四个层面推进平台建设, 且有针对性的政策指导和支持,缺乏极具代表性 并加大科技投入,从而提高矿山企业的自主创新 的示范样板 能力和管理水平,同时,坚持利益共享、成果共 2宁夏煤矿绿色开发总体布局 享,形成政府、部门、企业、社会共同促进自治区 矿业绿色、和谐发展的良好局面 2.1发展思想 (2)实现煤矿绿色开发“五化” 深入贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思 按照“清洁生产、绿色发展”的生态环保理念, 想,坚持以人为本的发展理念,遵循并坚持全面规 实现自治区煤矿绿色开发的“五化”,即煤炭资源 划、科学部署、集约化开采、可持续化开发、高效 综合利用高效化、矿山固废处置无害化、矿产资 清洁的绿色发展方针.以政府指导,企业导向,市 源加工与运输清洁化、矿山生态环境治理与修复 场推进,科技支撑,法律规范、全民参与为原则,积 科学化、矿业经济发展与生态环境保护协调可持 极推动自治区煤炭开发方式的转变,努力将煤炭 续化 资源综合开发利用水平提高到一个新的高度,最 (3)煤矿绿色开发战略蓝图 终实现宁夏煤炭产业生态友好型、资源节约型的 按照煤矿绿色开发“五化”的要求,需构建自 高质量可持续发展 治区面向未来的煤炭开采、加工、利用消费全过 2.2发展蓝图 程的煤炭行业高质量绿色可持续发展新蓝图.届 在新时代背景下,矿山建设中一定要植入“绿 时,绿色矿山建设项目将取得阶段性进展,矿区生 色”的意识和理念,把生态文明建设作为煤炭行业 态文明建设朝着环境友好型和资源节约型方向快 发展的方向和要求,将生态矿业的理念贯穿于煤 速发展,让生态效益更好地转化为经济效益与社 炭资源开发利用的全过程、全链条 会效益,进而推动自治区矿业经济高质量、高效 (1)牢固树立“四个”理念,加强绿色矿山建设 率、高水平发展:绿色采矿工艺和先进复垦绿化技 牢固树立绿色发展的理念.积极响应习近平 术将得到广泛应用,矿区煤、电、水、灰、土等资 总书记“绿水青山就是金山银山”的环境建设的科 源高效循环利用水平显著提高:各类煤矿资源的 学论断,把保护生态环境放在第一位,加快推进宁 二次开发利用研究将取得显著成效,其中燃煤发 夏地区绿色矿山建设步伐,全方位、多层次地进行 电技术和单位供电煤耗量有望跻身世界先进行列 深化改革,并以绿色发展目标促进改革,进一步完 水平
化工、煤炭洗选及深加工等技术方面还存在短板, 煤矸石用于矸石电厂发电、矿井中抽采出的瓦斯 用于发电等技术尚不成熟,还处于初步探索阶段. (2)绿色开发技术标准与规范不完善. 目前,宁夏地区煤矿绿色开发技术标准与规 范仍需进一步完善,现行的《宁夏回族自治区矿产 资源管理条例》、《宁夏回族自治区煤炭资源勘查 开发与保护条例》、《宁夏回族自治区矿山环境治 理和生态恢复保证金管理办法》等法律法规难以 满足新形势下绿色矿山生产的要求. (3)绿色开发技术与装备保障不足. 适应不同煤层开采条件的绿色开发工艺、配 套技术等尚不完善,现有技术装备尚无法完全满 足煤矿清洁生产的需要. 宁夏地区煤炭绿色开发 整体水平还较低,少量矿山的绿色开采还不能满 足自治区生态环境保护的要求. (4)缺乏示范引领与政策支持. 典型示范与全面推进相结合是多年来我国煤 矿绿色开发的成功经验,而我国煤矿包括宁夏地 区煤矿绿色发展尚处于起步阶段,缺少明确具体 且有针对性的政策指导和支持,缺乏极具代表性 的示范样板. 2 宁夏煤矿绿色开发总体布局 2.1 发展思想 深入贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思 想,坚持以人为本的发展理念,遵循并坚持全面规 划、科学部署、集约化开采、可持续化开发、高效 清洁的绿色发展方针. 以政府指导,企业导向,市 场推进,科技支撑,法律规范、全民参与为原则,积 极推动自治区煤炭开发方式的转变,努力将煤炭 资源综合开发利用水平提高到一个新的高度,最 终实现宁夏煤炭产业生态友好型、资源节约型的 高质量可持续发展. 2.2 发展蓝图 在新时代背景下,矿山建设中一定要植入“绿 色”的意识和理念,把生态文明建设作为煤炭行业 发展的方向和要求,将生态矿业的理念贯穿于煤 炭资源开发利用的全过程、全链条. (1)牢固树立“四个”理念,加强绿色矿山建设. 牢固树立绿色发展的理念. 积极响应习近平 总书记“绿水青山就是金山银山”的环境建设的科 学论断,把保护生态环境放在第一位,加快推进宁 夏地区绿色矿山建设步伐,全方位、多层次地进行 深化改革,并以绿色发展目标促进改革,进一步完 善当地绿色矿业政策体系建设内容. 牢固树立集约发展的理念. 将自治区内煤矿 储备充裕、开采条件便利、采矿技术先进的矿区 逐步打造成矿地一体化、共建石材开发基地等不 同主题的绿色矿业开发示范区及特色矿产综合利 用与生态保护示范区. 坚持“节约利用、循环利 用”的原则,进一步强化资源节约标准,合理回收 利用矿山各类废弃资源,提高矿山资源利用率,促 进自治区矿山绿色低碳循环发展. 牢固树立遵法守规的理念. 自治区各矿山企 业需严格遵守国家和自治区绿色矿山建设相关的 法律法规和规章制度,矿山开采运营期间需持证 上岗,对不符合国家规范的开采工艺与设备进行 淘汰整改,全面贯彻落实环境保护和安全生产管 理制度. 牢固树立科技创新的理念. 科学技术是第一 生产力,加强科技研发与创新工作是绿色矿山建 设的关键内涵. 矿山企业需设立工程技术研发中 心、实验室等创新型平台,从基础理论、关键技 术、支撑体系和技术应用四个层面推进平台建设, 并加大科技投入,从而提高矿山企业的自主创新 能力和管理水平. 同时,坚持利益共享、成果共 享,形成政府、部门、企业、社会共同促进自治区 矿业绿色、和谐发展的良好局面. (2)实现煤矿绿色开发“五化”. 按照“清洁生产、绿色发展”的生态环保理念, 实现自治区煤矿绿色开发的“五化”,即煤炭资源 综合利用高效化、矿山固废处置无害化、矿产资 源加工与运输清洁化、矿山生态环境治理与修复 科学化、矿业经济发展与生态环境保护协调可持 续化. (3)煤矿绿色开发战略蓝图. 按照煤矿绿色开发“五化”的要求,需构建自 治区面向未来的煤炭开采、加工、利用消费全过 程的煤炭行业高质量绿色可持续发展新蓝图. 届 时,绿色矿山建设项目将取得阶段性进展,矿区生 态文明建设朝着环境友好型和资源节约型方向快 速发展,让生态效益更好地转化为经济效益与社 会效益,进而推动自治区矿业经济高质量、高效 率、高水平发展;绿色采矿工艺和先进复垦绿化技 术将得到广泛应用,矿区煤、电、水、灰、土等资 源高效循环利用水平显著提高;各类煤矿资源的 二次开发利用研究将取得显著成效,其中燃煤发 电技术和单位供电煤耗量有望跻身世界先进行列 水平. · 4 · 工程科学学报,第 44 卷,第 1 期