EffectorcellReceptorAChAcetylcholinesterase(Exocytosis)Storage vesicleAcetylcholineVAcctyl-CoAAcctyl-CoAAcetylcholine+丰CholineMitochondnonPyruvateGlucoseACholineGlucosoFIGURE9.2Varicosity showing processes of synthesis and storage of acetylcholine within a cholinergicneuron.Also shown are the release of acetylcholine (exocytosis)and the location ofacetylcholinesterase,whichinactivatesacetylcholine
Na*HemicholiniumsAxon7anCholineAcCoA+CholineChATNerveAChterminalVesamicol-8TheAChCalciumATP,PsynthesischannelHeteroreceptorCa2+Crelease,andPresynapticAcetylcholinereceptorsmetabolismautoreceptorSXof AchAChBotulinum力ATP,Ptoxin2Synapsei神经求梢与Choline次一级神经原的连接处贝AChAcetateAcetylcholinesterasJunction(Synapse):贝-神经末梢与效应器的连接处OtherreceptorsPostsynaptic'cellCholinoceptors
The synthesis, release, and metabolism of Ach Synapse:神经末梢与 次一级神经原的连接处 Junction(Synapse): 神经末梢与效应器的连 接处
Mechanisms of acetylcholine signal transductionAChCellmembraneAChbindstoreceptorG-proteinG-proteinTbinds toK+subunitchanneldissociatesK+causing itReceptorG-proteinsK+channeltoopen
Mechanisms of acetylcholine signal transduction
ExtracellularFluidBindinglonsitechannelNa+AcetylcholineCellmembrane(a)Cytoplasm(b)N受体（Nicotinicacetylcholinereceptor）
N 受体（Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)
III.Directly and indirectly acting cholinomimeticsMode of action ofcholinomimetic drugsdirect-actingagentsCholinomimetic drugsindirect-actingagentsThe direct-acting agents directly bind to and activatecholinoceptor (muscarinic ornicotinic receptors)they are also called cholinoceptor stimulants (agonist
Mode of action of cholinomimetic drugs The direct-acting agents directly bind to and activate cholinoceptor (muscarinic or nicotinic receptors). they are also called cholinoceptorstimulants(agonist) direct-acting agents indirect-acting agents Cholinomimetic drugs III. Directly and indirectly acting cholinomimetics