(3)You couldn't turn on television without seeing a woman advertising for some cosmetics. 你一开电视准会看到一个女人在作某化妆品广告。 (4)You will fail unless you work hard 若不努力就会失败。 (5)This is the last thing we wish to see 这是我们最不愿意看到的事情。 (6)Several times she wanted to tell him what had happened,but her courage failed her. 好几次她都想告诉他事情的真相,但是她没有勇气。 2.其他反译。除了肯定与否定,反译也用于时间先后、不同位置、不同角度之间的互 译。例如: (1)After you please 您先请。 (2)He never went to bed before 12 o'clock 他总是十二点以后才睡觉。 (3)More tests should be conducted before we can come to a conclusion. 我们需要做更多的实验,然后才能得出结论。 (4)She sat there,her chin cupped in her hands. 她坐在那里,双手托着下巴: 三、意译法 语言是文化的组成部分和载体。不同民族的文化之间既存在着差异又互相联系,既有各 自独特的个性又有普遍的共性。这种不同文化之间的共性为两种语言文化的交流一一翻译提 供了基础和可行性。而两种语言文化的个性又给这种交流和翻译造成障碍和困难。口译时, 如果按字面意思直译,意思可能含糊不请,不能确切表达原话的信息和文化内涵,有时还可 能引起严重曲解,甚至与原意风牛马不相及,完全两回事。这时译员就要根据具体情况,采 取其他变通办法,作适当的语法和词汇调整,或进行解释性翻译,或说明具体内容,关键是 要译出原话的真正含义。这就是意译。例如,以下英语词语和句子若按字面意思或对等关系 直译,结果不是产生歧义就是词不达意,只有意译才能确切表达原意。 直译 意译 Queen's English 女王的英语 标准英语 small talk 小声交谈 闲聊 sandwichman 卖三明治的人 夹板广告员 queer fish 怪鱼 怪人 black sheep 黑羊 害群之马 lame duck 跛鸭 落选的议员 Home Secretary 家庭秘书 (英国的)内务大臣 at the eleventh hour 在第11点钟 最后时刻 Wet paint! 湿油漆! 油漆未干! Keep off the lawn! 离开草坪! 请勿践踏草坪! I will show you the ropes. 我给你看些绳子 我教你做法 You'd better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生。 你最好去看病。 He always tries to keep up 他总在极力追赶琼斯。 他总在和周围的人攀比。 with the Joneses. 目前我们的对外宣传中出现了很多汉语新词语,这些词语都有特定的含义。如果不加分析 一律采取对等直译,译出的英语可能概念模糊、意思不清,要不就是中式英语,外国人根本 不理解。遇到这种情况,只能采取意译的方法。试比较以下汉语词语和句子的直译与意译的 不同效果。 直译 意译 拳头产品 fist products competitive products/knock-out products 三角债 triangle debts chain debts 经济作物 economic crops cash crops/industrial crops 27
27 (3) You couldn’t turn on television without seeing a woman advertising for some cosmetics. 你一开电视准会看到一个女人在作某化妆品广告。 (4) You will fail unless you work hard. 若不努力就会失败。 (5) This is the last thing we wish to see. 这是我们最不愿意看到的事情。 (6) Several times she wanted to tell him what had happened, but her courage failed her. 好几次她都想告诉他事情的真相,但是她没有勇气。 2. 其他反译。 除了肯定与否定,反译也用于时间先后、不同位置、不同角度之间的互 译。例如: (1) After you please. 您先请。 (2) He never went to bed before 12 o’clock. 他总是十二点以后才睡觉。 (3) More tests should be conducted before we can come to a conclusion. 我们需要做更多的实验,然后才能得出结论。 (4) She sat there, her chin cupped in her hands. 她坐在那里,双手托着下巴。 三、意译法 语言是文化的组成部分和载体。不同民族的文化之间既存在着差异又互相联系,既有各 自独特的个性又有普遍的共性。这种不同文化之间的共性为两种语言文化的交流——翻译提 供了基础和可行性。而两种语言文化的个性又给这种交流和翻译造成障碍和困难。口译时, 如果按字面意思直译,意思可能含糊不请,不能确切表达原话的信息和文化内涵,有时还可 能引起严重曲解,甚至与原意风牛马不相及,完全两回事。这时译员就要根据具体情况,采 取其他变通办法,作适当的语法和词汇调整,或进行解释性翻译,或说明具体内容,关键是 要译出原话的真正含义。这就是意译。例如,以下英语词语和句子若按字面意思或对等关系 直译,结果不是产生歧义就是词不达意,只有意译才能确切表达原意。 直译 意译 Queen’s English 女王的英语 标准英语 small talk 小声交谈 闲聊 sandwichman 卖三明治的人 夹板广告员 queer fish 怪鱼 怪人 black sheep 黑羊 害群之马 lame duck 跛鸭 落选的议员 Home Secretary 家庭秘书 (英国的)内务大臣 at the eleventh hour 在第 11 点钟 最后时刻 Wet paint! 湿油漆! 油漆未干! Keep off the lawn! 离开草坪! 请勿践踏草坪! I will show you the ropes. 我给你看些绳子 我教你做法 You’d better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生。 你最好去看病。 He always tries to keep up 他总在极力追赶琼斯。 他总在和周围的人攀比。 with the Joneses. 目前我们的对外宣传中出现了很多汉语新词语,这些词语都有特定的含义。如果不加分析 一律采取对等直译,译出的英语可能概念模糊、意思不清,要不就是中式英语,外国人根本 不理解。遇到这种情况,只能采取意译的方法。试比较以下汉语词语和句子的直译与意译的 不同效果。 直译 意译 拳头产品 fist products competitive products / knock-out products 三角债 triangle debts chain debts 经济作物 economic crops cash crops / industrial crops
外向经济 outward economy export-oriented economy 向钱看 looking at money money-oriented money grubbing money mad 最高限价 highest price ceiling price 认购 recognize and buy offer to buy subscribe 素质教育 quality education education for all-round development 使中国经济走向世界 直译: make China's economy go to the world market 意译: make China's economy more competitive on the world market make China a more active economic player in the world 使中国经济与国际接轨 直译:make China's economy be linked with international economy 意译:bring China's economy more in line with international practice 实现小康目标 直译:achieve the goal of a little comfortable life achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 有着五千年文明史的中华民族文化博大精深,从古到今总有一些我们民族自己独有的东 西。这些东西在英语里很难找到对应的词语来表达。比如,我国传统建筑里的很多东西都是 我们民族独有的,英语里是没有对应词语的。它们的英译都是采用意译法。例如: 斗拱结构a system of brackets inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam 牌楼decorated archway 牌坊 memorial archway 茶楼 teahouse 酒楼 wine shop 戏楼theater stage 吊脚楼wooden house projecting over the water 四合院courtyard with houses on the four sides;Chinese courtyard houses 窑洞cave dwelling 中国菜肴烹调技术之高超驰名中外,我国东西南北八大菜系和各民族风味各异的美味佳 肴令外国游客大开眼界,大饱口福。然而,这些菜肴和食品的口译的确使我们的译员大伤脑 筋。菜肴和食品的翻译最重要的是要译出是什么做的,采用什么方法做的。即抓住用料、刀 法、烹调法和口味这几个关键,能直译的则直译,不能直译的则意译。例如: 北京烤鸭roasted Beijing duck 香酥鸡 crisp fried chicken 醋溜子鸡fried spring chicken with vinegar sauce 糖醋黄鱼 sweet and sour yellow croaker 清蒸鲑鱼steamed mandarin fish 清炖甲鱼braised turtle in clear soup 茄汁鱼丸fried fish balls with tomato sauce 青椒肉片fried sliced pork and green pepper 鱼香肉丝fish-flavored shredded pork in hot sauce 鲜菇大虾fried prawn with fresh mush rooms 荷叶粉蒸肉steamed flour-coated pork wrapped in lotus leaves 煨牛肉simmered beef 涮羊肉instant boiled mutton 有些菜肴和食品只有采用解释性的意译。例如: 五香牛肉spiced beef 葫芦鸡 roasted whole chicken 松鼠黄鱼sweet and sour fried croaker in a squirrel shape 28
28 外向经济 outward economy export-oriented economy 向钱看 looking at money money-oriented / money grubbing / money mad 最高限价 highest price ceiling price 认购 recognize and buy offer to buy / subscribe 素质教育 quality education education for all-round development 使中国经济走向世界 直译: make China’s economy go to the world market 意译: make China’s economy more competitive on the world market / make China a more active economic player in the world 使中国经济与国际接轨 直译: make China’s economy be linked with international economy 意译: bring China’s economy more in line with international practice 实现小康目标 直译: achieve the goal of a little comfortable life 意译: achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 有着五千年文明史的中华民族文化博大精深,从古到今总有一些我们民族自己独有的东 西。这些东西在英语里很难找到对应的词语来表达。比如,我国传统建筑里的很多东西都是 我们民族独有的,英语里是没有对应词语的。它们的英译都是采用意译法。例如: 斗拱结构 a system of brackets inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam 牌楼 decorated archway 牌坊 memorial archway 茶楼 teahouse 酒楼 wine shop 戏楼 theater stage 吊脚楼 wooden house projecting over the water 四合院 courtyard with houses on the four sides;Chinese courtyard houses 窑洞 cave dwelling 中国菜肴烹调技术之高超驰名中外,我国东西南北八大菜系和各民族风味各异的美味佳 肴令外国游客大开眼界,大饱口福。然而,这些菜肴和食品的口译的确使我们的译员大伤脑 筋。菜肴和食品的翻译最重要的是要译出是什么做的,采用什么方法做的。即抓住用料、刀 法、烹调法和口味这几个关键,能直译的则直译,不能直译的则意译。例如: 北京烤鸭 roasted Beijing duck 香酥鸡 crisp fried chicken 醋溜子鸡 fried spring chicken with vinegar sauce 糖醋黄鱼 sweet and sour yellow croaker 清蒸鲑鱼 steamed mandarin fish 清炖甲鱼 braised turtle in clear soup 茄汁鱼丸 fried fish balls with tomato sauce 青椒肉片 fried sliced pork and green pepper 鱼香肉丝 fish-flavored shredded pork in hot sauce 鲜菇大虾 fried prawn with fresh mush rooms 荷叶粉蒸肉 steamed flour-coated pork wrapped in lotus leaves 煨牛肉 simmered beef 涮羊肉 instant boiled mutton 有些菜肴和食品只有采用解释性的意译。例如: 五香牛肉 spiced beef 葫芦鸡 roasted whole chicken 松鼠黄鱼 sweet and sour fried croaker in a squirrel shape
红烧狮子头stewed minced pork balls with brown sauce 芙蓉虾仁shrimps with egg white 麻婆豆腐 spicy bean curd in Sichuan style 八宝糕 eight-treasure pudding 什锦炒饭 fried rice with ten ingredients 炸酱面 noodles in Beijing style 扬州炒饭 fried rice in Yangzhou style 凉面 cold noodles with sesame sauce 饺子 dumpling 元宵 sweet dumpling 馄饨 dumpling soup 油条 deep fried dough sticks 花卷 steamed roll 锅贴 fried dumpling 包子 steamed stuffed bun 窝窝头 steamed corn bread 烧饼 sesame seed cake 有些涉及汉字形象或中国特有器皿形状的描写是很难直译的,只有采取变通处理办法, 进行意译。如: 三个人品字式坐下,闲聊了一会儿.The three men sat facing each other and talking for a while. 秦始皇兵马俑一号坑呈长方形,二号坑呈曲尺形,三号坑呈“凹”字型。三个坑呈“品” 字型排列。可译为: Pit No.I of Emperor Qin Shihuang's terra cotta warriors and horses is oblong in shape.Pit No. 2 is"L"-shaped and No.3 is"U"-shaped.The three pits are arranged in a triangle. 汉武帝的陵墓形如复斗。The mausoleum of Emperor Wudi of Han dynasty was constructed in a ladder shape. 这样的英译虽不如汉语那样形象逼真,但也是一种较好的变通办法。 广袤无垠、絢丽多姿的神州大地和中华民族五千年的文明史所创造的不计其数的名胜古 迹是中国悠久历史的见证,中国灿烂文化的缩影和中华民族勤劳智慧的结晶。名胜古迹的英 译是宣传华夏文明、进行文化交流、帮助外国人了解中国的重要途径。但由于名胜古迹的取 名常常涉及特定的历史背景,有丰富的文化内涵,口译起来比较困难,有的甚至根本无法翻 译。因而,有些译员便采取简单的音译,或使用汉语拼音的办法予以应急,求得过关,但外 国人听了却不知所云,毫无反应。因此,名胜古迹的口译除万不得已,应尽量采用意译或音 译与意译并用的方法,译出其内容和含义,使外国人听其音,知其实,这样才能引起他们的 兴趣,收到良好的效果。例如,以下名胜古迹采用意译,效果会好得多。 太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony/Hall of Grand Harmony 中和殿Hall of Central Harmony 保和殿Hall of Preserving Harmony 养性殿Hall of Mental Cultivation 乾清宫Palace of Heavenly Purity 宁寿宫Palace of Peace and Longevity 长春宫 Palace of Eternal Spring 储秀宫 Palace of Gathering Excellence 大观园 Garden of Grand View/Grand View Garden 德和园Garden of Harmonious Virtue 拙政园Garden of Humble Administrator 乐寿堂Hall of Happiness and Longevity 大慈悲寺Temple of Great Mercy 29
29 红烧狮子头 stewed minced pork balls with brown sauce 芙蓉虾仁 shrimps with egg white 麻婆豆腐 spicy bean curd in Sichuan style 八宝糕 eight-treasure pudding 什锦炒饭 fried rice with ten ingredients 炸酱面 noodles in Beijing style 扬州炒饭 fried rice in Yangzhou style 凉面 cold noodles with sesame sauce 饺子 dumpling 元宵 sweet dumpling 馄饨 dumpling soup 油条 deep fried dough sticks 花卷 steamed roll 锅贴 fried dumpling 包子 steamed stuffed bun 窝窝头 steamed corn bread 烧饼 sesame seed cake 有些涉及汉字形象或中国特有器皿形状的描写是很难直译的,只有采取变通处理办法, 进行意译。如: 三个人品字式坐下, 闲聊了一会儿. The three men sat facing each other and talking for a while. 秦始皇兵马俑一号坑呈长方形,二号坑呈曲尺形,三号坑呈“凹”字型。三个坑呈“品” 字型排列。可译为: Pit No. 1 of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s terra cotta warriors and horses is oblong in shape. Pit No. 2 is “L”-shaped and No. 3 is “U”-shaped. The three pits are arranged in a triangle. 汉武帝的陵墓形如复斗。The mausoleum of Emperor Wudi of Han dynasty was constructed in a ladder shape. 这样的英译虽不如汉语那样形象逼真,但也是一种较好的变通办法。 广袤无垠、絢丽多姿的神州大地和中华民族五千年的文明史所创造的不计其数的名胜古 迹是中国悠久历史的见证,中国灿烂文化的缩影和中华民族勤劳智慧的结晶。名胜古迹的英 译是宣传华夏文明、进行文化交流、帮助外国人了解中国的重要途径。但由于名胜古迹的取 名常常涉及特定的历史背景,有丰富的文化内涵,口译起来比较困难,有的甚至根本无法翻 译。因而,有些译员便采取简单的音译,或使用汉语拼音的办法予以应急,求得过关,但外 国人听了却不知所云,毫无反应。因此,名胜古迹的口译除万不得已,应尽量采用意译或音 译与意译并用的方法,译出其内容和含义,使外国人听其音,知其实,这样才能引起他们的 兴趣,收到良好的效果。例如,以下名胜古迹采用意译,效果会好得多。 太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony / Hall of Grand Harmony 中和殿 Hall of Central Harmony 保和殿 Hall of Preserving Harmony 养性殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation 乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity 宁寿宫 Palace of Peace and Longevity 长春宫 Palace of Eternal Spring 储秀宫 Palace of Gathering Excellence 大观园 Garden of Grand View/ Grand View Garden 德和园 Garden of Harmonious Virtue 拙政园 Garden of Humble Administrator 乐寿堂 Hall of Happiness and Longevity 大慈悲寺 Temple of Great Mercy
慈恩寺Temple of Thanksgiving 献福寺Temple of Offering Happiness 独秀峰Peak of Unique Beauty 天都峰 Heavenly Capital Peak 五老峰 Five Old Men Peak 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 六和塔 Pagoda of Six Harmonies 爱晚亭 Love Dusk Pavilion 陶然亭 Joyous Pavilion 万佛洞 Cave of Ten Thousand Buddhist Figures 紫云洞 Purple Cloud Cave 龙隐洞 Hidden Dragon Cave 烟霞洞 Cave of Morning Mist and Sunset Glow 四、增减译法 语言作为文化的一部分代代相传。汉英两种语言在其发展过程中都蕴含着各自丰富的文 化信息,文化特征和文化背景。因此,口译的成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员对双方文化 和社会背景的理解和熟知程度。口译中,遇到涉及交际双方社会和文化背景知识时,译员要 根据听众的具体情况,加以必要的解释或补充说明,以提高口译效果,这就是增译。比如, 在口译以下英语词语和句子时最好加以补充说明。 the two Houses of American government美国政府参、众两院 The Golden State金山州一美国加州 Paradise of the Pacific太平洋上的天堂一美国夏威夷州 The Sunshine State阳光州一美国佛罗里达州 The Big Apple大苹果一美国纽约市 The Motor City汽车城一美国底特律市 The Film Capital of the World世界影都一美国好莱坞 Broadway in Manhattan曼哈顿的百老汇一美国纽约曼哈顿区的一条大街,以有名的 剧院著称 Wall Street in New York华尔街一美国纽约市的一街道名,以金融业聚集而著称。 “General Sherman'”in Sequoia National Park谢尔曼将军一美国加州红杉国家公园中 棵最高,树龄最长的巨杉树。 the two Houses of British government英国政府上、下两院 Shadow Cabinet英国政府的影子内阁,即在野党内阁 Speakers'Corner 英国伦敦海德公园的讲演者之角,人们在这里可以发表任何内容的演 说。 Soapbox orators肥皂箱上的演说家一一指讲演者之角那些站在自带肥皂箱之类的东西 上发表演说的人 Democracy on the Soapbox肥皂箱上的民主一一指站在肥皂箱上发表的自由演说 Downing Street唐宁街一英国伦敦首相官邸和政府主要部门所在地,即英国政府 Fleet Street舰队街一英国伦敦一街道名,以报业集中而著称,指伦敦新闻界,伦敦 报业 Lombard Street伦巴第街一伦敦金融中心,现指英国金融界、金融市场 同样,在我们的对外宣传和旅游的汉英口译中,译员要充分考虑中外文化差异和多数外 国人对中国社会和文化并不熟悉这一事实,汉译英时要根据听众的具体情况,对一些外国人 不熟悉和难以理解的汉语常用术语,尤其是一些政治术语和有特定文化内涵的词语,进行必 要的解释或说明。比如,我们非常熟悉的“人大”、“政协”、“四个现代化”、“双百方针”、“希 望工程”等,如果只按字面直译,恐怕多数外国人不理解。但如果采用增译法,加上必要的 解释或背景说明,外国人就好懂多了。 30
30 慈恩寺 Temple of Thanksgiving 献福寺 Temple of Offering Happiness 独秀峰 Peak of Unique Beauty 天都峰 Heavenly Capital Peak 五老峰 Five Old Men Peak 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 六和塔 Pagoda of Six Harmonies 爱晚亭 Love Dusk Pavilion 陶然亭 Joyous Pavilion 万佛洞 Cave of Ten Thousand Buddhist Figures 紫云洞 Purple Cloud Cave 龙隐洞 Hidden Dragon Cave 烟霞洞 Cave of Morning Mist and Sunset Glow 四、增减译法 语言作为文化的一部分代代相传。汉英两种语言在其发展过程中都蕴含着各自丰富的文 化信息,文化特征和文化背景。因此,口译的成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员对双方文化 和社会背景的理解和熟知程度。口译中,遇到涉及交际双方社会和文化背景知识时,译员要 根据听众的具体情况,加以必要的解释或补充说明,以提高口译效果, 这就是增译。比如, 在口译以下英语词语和句子时最好加以补充说明。 the two Houses of American government 美国政府参、众两院 The Golden State 金山州——美国加州 Paradise of the Pacific 太平洋上的天堂——美国夏威夷州 The Sunshine State 阳光州——美国佛罗里达州 The Big Apple 大苹果——美国纽约市 The Motor City 汽车城——美国底特律市 The Film Capital of the World 世界影都——美国好莱坞 Broadway in Manhattan 曼哈顿的百老汇——美国纽约曼哈顿区的一条大街,以有名的 剧院著称 Wall Street in New York 华尔街——美国纽约市的一街道名,以金融业聚集而著称。 “General Sherman” in Sequoia National Park 谢尔曼将军——美国加州红杉国家公园中 一棵最高,树龄最长的巨杉树。 the two Houses of British government 英国政府上、下两院 Shadow Cabinet 英国政府的影子内阁,即在野党内阁 Speakers’ Corner 英国伦敦海德公园的讲演者之角,人们在这里可以发表任何内容的演 说。 Soapbox orators 肥皂箱上的演说家——指讲演者之角那些站在自带肥皂箱之类的东西 上发表演说的人 Democracy on the Soapbox 肥皂箱上的民主——指站在肥皂箱上发表的自由演说 Downing Street 唐宁街——英国伦敦首相官邸和政府主要部门所在地,即英国政府 Fleet Street 舰队街——英国伦敦一街道名,以报业集中而著称,指伦敦新闻界,伦敦 报业 Lombard Street 伦巴第街——伦敦金融中心,现指英国金融界、金融市场 同样,在我们的对外宣传和旅游的汉英口译中,译员要充分考虑中外文化差异和多数外 国人对中国社会和文化并不熟悉这一事实,汉译英时要根据听众的具体情况,对一些外国人 不熟悉和难以理解的汉语常用术语,尤其是一些政治术语和有特定文化内涵的词语,进行必 要的解释或说明。比如,我们非常熟悉的“人大”、“政协”、“四个现代化”、“双百方针”、“希 望工程”等,如果只按字面直译,恐怕多数外国人不理解。但如果采用增译法,加上必要的 解释或背景说明,外国人就好懂多了
the National People's Congress,China's highest legislative body the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,China's top advisory and supervisory body 四个现f代化the four modernizations,.that is the modernization of agriculture,industry, national defense,and science and technology 双百方针the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend in academic activities,art and literature sphere 希望工程Project Hope,a project aiming at assisting school dropouts in poverty-stricken areas by raising funds from all social organizations and individuals at home and abroad. 改革开放以后出现了很多有特定含义的汉语新词语。如果只按字面直译,不加解释和说 明,外国人很难理解,甚至会产生严重误解。比如,如果把“五讲、四美、三热爱”不加解 释,只按字面直译为“five stresses,four beauties and three loves'”外国人很可能理解为“.四 个美人,三个情人”之类的意思,因而感到莫名其妙。为了避免误解,比较准确地表达原意, 这个短语的英译应加以解释和补充,译成“five stresses,four points of beauty and three aspects of love:that is stress on decorum,manners,hygiene,discipline,and morals:beauty of the mind, language,behavior and the environment:love of the motherland,socialism and the Communist Party.”这样效果就好多了。以下词语的英译都是采用增译法: “两个文明”一起抓to place equal emphasis on both material advancement and ethical progres “三个代表”Three represents-.-The Communist Party of China always represents the requirement of the development trend of China's advanced productive forces,the orientation of China's advanced culture,and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. 培养“四有公民”to train people to be citizens with high ideas,moral integrity,a good education and strong sense of discipline 对干部进行“三讲”教育to educate the cadres on the importance of study,raising political awareness and ensuring honesty and integrity. 抓大放小to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones,to focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves 安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents “五个一工程”the Five-one Program/Project(one good book,.one good play,one good film, one good TV drama,and one or several creative and persuasive/convincing articles) 在对外介绍中国历史文化的口译中,常常会遇到一些我们中国人非常熟悉的有关重大历 史事件,历史人物、典故、民风、民俗方面的汉译英。对不熟悉中国历史文化的外国人来说, 适当的解释或补充说明非常重要。这样可以帮助外国人了解中国历史,文化和社会,提高对 外宣传效果。以下词语的英语都稍加了补充说明,外国人听了容易理解。 改革开放以来since the implementation of reform and open policy in 197g 建国以来since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 五四运a动the May Fourth Movement,a great anti-imperialist,anti-feudal,political and cultural movement which took place on May fourth,1919 炎黄子s孙the descendants/offspring of Yandi and Huangdi,the two earliest chiefs of the Chinese nation and all the Chinese people are descendants of Yandi and Huangdi 秦始皇Qin Shi Huang,the first Emperor of China who unified China in220BC 白居易Bai Juyi,a famous Chinese poet of Tang Dynasty in the8 century Spring Festival,the traditional Chinese New Year,which falls on the first day of the first month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. the Mid-autumn Festival,a traditional festival of family reunion,which falls on fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. the Dragon Boat Festival which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.It is a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan,the great poet and patriotic figure of the State of Chu during the 31
31 人大 the National People’s Congress, China’s highest legislative body 政协 the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, China's top advisory and supervisory body 四个现代化 the four modernizations; that is the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology 双百方针 the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend in academic activities, art and literature sphere 希望工程 Project Hope, a project aiming at assisting school dropouts in poverty-stricken areas by raising funds from all social organizations and individuals at home and abroad. 改革开放以后出现了很多有特定含义的汉语新词语。如果只按字面直译,不加解释和说 明,外国人很难理解,甚至会产生严重误解。比如,如果把“五讲、四美、三热爱”不加解 释,只按字面直译为“five stresses,four beauties and three loves” 外国人很可能理解为“...四 个美人,三个情人” 之类的意思,因而感到莫名其妙。为了避免误解,比较准确地表达原意, 这个短语的英译应加以解释和补充,译成“five stresses,four points of beauty and three aspects of love;that is stress on decorum,manners,hygiene,discipline,and morals;beauty of the mind, language,behavior and the environment;love of the motherland,socialism and the Communist Party.”这样效果就好多了。以下词语的英译都是采用增译法: “两个文明”一起抓 to place equal emphasis on both material advancement and ethical progress “三个代表” Three represents-The Communist Party of China always represents the requirement of the development trend of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. 培养“四有公民”to train people to be citizens with high ideas, moral integrity, a good education and strong sense of discipline 对干部进行“三讲”教育 to educate the cadres on the importance of study, raising political awareness and ensuring honesty and integrity. 抓大放小 to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; to focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves 安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents “五个一工程” the Five-one Program/ Project ( one good book, one good play, one good film, one good TV drama, and one or several creative and persuasive/convincing articles) 在对外介绍中国历史文化的口译中,常常会遇到一些我们中国人非常熟悉的有关重大历 史事件,历史人物、典故、民风、民俗方面的汉译英。对不熟悉中国历史文化的外国人来说, 适当的解释或补充说明非常重要。这样可以帮助外国人了解中国历史,文化和社会,提高对 外宣传效果。以下词语的英语都稍加了补充说明,外国人听了容易理解。 改革开放以来 since the implementation of reform and open policy in 1979 建国以来 since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 五四运动 the May Fourth Movement, a great anti-imperialist, anti-feudal, political and cultural movement which took place on May fourth, 1919 炎黄子孙 the descendants /offspring of Yandi and Huangdi, the two earliest chiefs of the Chinese nation and all the Chinese people are descendants of Yandi and Huangdi 秦始皇 Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China who unified China in 220 BC 白居易 Bai Juyi, a famous Chinese poet of Tang Dynasty in the 8th century 春节 Spring Festival, the traditional Chinese New Year, which falls on the first day of the first month according to the Chinese lunar calendar. 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Festival, a traditional festival of family reunion, which falls on fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. 龙舟节 the Dragon Boat Festival which falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan, the great poet and patriotic figure of the State of Chu during the