Testingand Thinkingl.(True/False)Boththe GTP-bound a subunits andnucleotide-freeβY complexes,butnotGDP-bound,fullyassembledGproteins, activate other molecules downstream of G-protein-linkedreceptors.2.(True/False)Rasisanoncogene
1 Testing and Thinking 1.(True/False)Both the GTP-bound subunits and nucleotidefree complexes, but not GDP-bound, fully assembled G proteins, activate other molecules downstream of G-proteinlinked receptors. 2.(True/False) Ras is an oncogene
Testing and Thinking(2006-5-11)l.(True/False)There is no fundamental distinction betweensignaling molecules thatbind to cell-surfacereceptors andthose that bind to intracellular receptors. Explain youranswer2. How is it that different cells can respond in different waysto exactly the same signaling molecule even when they haveidentical receptors?3.Why do you supposethatphosphorylation/dephosphorylation,as opposed to allostericbinding of small molecules,for example,plays suchaprominent role in switching proteins on and off in signalingpathways?2
2 Testing and Thinking(2006-5-11) 1. (True/False) There is no fundamental distinction between signaling molecules that bind to cell-surface receptors and those that bind to intracellular receptors. Explain your answer. 2. How is it that different cells can respond in different ways to exactly the same signaling molecule even when they have identical receptors? 3. Why do you suppose that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, as opposed to allosteric binding of small molecules, for example, plays such a prominent role in switching proteins on and off in signaling pathways?
ANSWERS (2006-5-11)1.False. Signaling molecules that bind to cell-surface receptorsdo not have to cross the plasma membrane; thus,they can belarge or small,hydrophilic or hydrophobic.By contrast.signaling molecules that bind tointracellular receptors mustbe sufficiently small and hydrophobic to diffuse across theplasma membrane.2. Cells with identical receptors can respond differently to thesame signal molecule because of differences in the internalmachinery to which the receptors are coupled. Even whenthe entirepathwayis the same, cells can respond differently ifthey express different target proteins for the pathway3.Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation offers a simpleuniversal solutionto theproblemof controlling proteinactivity.3
3 ANSWERS (2006-5-11) 1. False. Signaling molecules that bind to cell-surface receptors do not have to cross the plasma membrane; thus, they can be large or small, hydrophilic or hydrophobic. By contrast, signaling molecules that bind to intracellular receptors must be sufficiently small and hydrophobic to diffuse across the plasma membrane. 2. Cells with identical receptors can respond differently to the same signal molecule because of differences in the internal machinery to which the receptors are coupled. Even when the entire pathway is the same, cells can respond differently if they express different target proteins for the pathway. 3. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation offers a simple, universal solution to the problem of controlling protein activity
一、判断题:判断以下各题正确的标T,错误的标F。1激素作为信号分子,只作用于膜受体。2“Cell signalling”与“Signaltransduction在意义上是相同的。细胞信号转导是细胞接收信号,并对信号作出综合性反应的过程,它的复杂3.性表现在细胞外信号的多样性和细胞内各信号转导途径的整合。亲脂性信号分子的受体通常位于细胞核内。胞内受体一般处于受抑制状态,细胞内信号的作用是解除抑制。5.IP3是PKC系统中第二信使,它直接激活内质网上的钙泵,动员Ca2+释放。6.1.F如果是水溶性激素,则只作用于膜受体,若是脂溶性的激素,则作用于膜内受体;2.F不同,前者是信息的释放和传递,后者是信息的转换与放大;3.T,细胞接受的信号很多,需要综合反应。4.F,亲脂性信号分子的受体通常位于细胞质中:5.T,胞内受体一般是基因转录的调控因子,所以在没有信号时是处于被抑制状态,以免启动基因的表达。6.F只能作用于内质网膜中的Ca2+离子通道:4
4 1. 激素作为信号分子,只作用于膜受体。 2. “Cell signalling”与“ Signal transduction”在意义上是相同的。 3. 细胞信号转导是细胞接收信号,并对信号作出综合性反应的过程, 它的复杂 性表现在细胞外信号的多样性和细胞内各信号转导途径的整合。 4. 亲脂性信号分子的受体通常位于细胞核内。 5. 胞内受体一般处于受抑制状态, 细胞内信号的作用是解除抑制。 6. IP3是PKC系统中第二信使, 它直接激活内质网上的钙泵, 动员Ca2+释放。 一、判断题:判断以下各题,正确的标T, 错误的标F。 1. F,如果是水溶性激素,则只作用于膜受体,若是脂溶性的激素,则作用于膜内受体; 2. F, 不同,前者是信息的释放和传递,后者是信息的转换与放大; 3. T, 细胞接受的信号很多, 需要综合反应。 4. F, 亲脂性信号分子的受体通常位于细胞质中; 5. T, 胞内受体一般是基因转录的调控因子,所以在没有信号时是处于被抑制状态, 以免 启动基因的表达。 6. F, 只能作用于内质网膜中的Ca 2+ 离子通道;
二、选择题4.内质网上的IP3受体是()。a. 二聚体b.同源四聚体1.ras基因发生哪一种突变很可能引起细胞过c.异源二聚体度分裂?d.五聚体a.发生突变后不能水解GTPb.发生突变后不能同GTP结合5.下列关于信息分子的描述中,不正确的一项是(c.发生突变后不能同Grb2或Sos结合)。d.发生突变后不能同Raf结合a.本身不介于催化反应b.本身不具有酶的活性)系统。2.乙酰胆碱受体属于(c.能够传递信息酶联受体a.d.可作为作用底物b.酶联受体c.通道偶联受体6.下列通讯系统中,受体可进行自我磷酸化的是(d.以上都不是103.在下列G蛋白中能够被霍乱毒素抑制a.鸟苷酸环化酶系统GTP酶活性的是()。1.ab.酪氨酸蛋白激酶系统a.Gi2.cc.腺苷酸环化酶系统b.Gsd.肌醇磷脂系统3.bc. Gpd.G-Ras4.b5.db6.5
5 1. ras基因发生哪一种突变很可能引起细胞过 度分裂? a. 发生突变后不能水解GTP b. 发生突变后不能同GTP结合 c. 发生突变后不能同Grb2 或Sos结合 d. 发生突变后不能同Raf 结合 2. 乙酰胆碱受体属于( )系统。 a.酶联受体 b.酶联受体 c.通道偶联受体 d. 以上都不是 3. 在下列G蛋白中能够被霍乱毒素抑制 GTP酶活性的是( )。 a. Gi b. Gs c. Gp d. G-Ras 二、选择题 4.内质网上的IP3受体是( )。 a. 二聚体 b. 同源四聚体 c. 异源二聚体 d. 五聚体 5. 下列关于信息分子的描述中,不正确的一项是( ) 。 a. 本身不介于催化反应 b. 本身不具有酶的活性 c. 能够传递信息 d. 可作为作用底物 6. 下列通讯系统中, 受体可进行自我磷酸化的是( )。 a. 鸟苷酸环化酶系统 b. 酪氨酸蛋白激酶系统 c. 腺苷酸环化酶系统 d. 肌醇磷脂系统 1. a 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. d 6. b