Testingand Thinking1. (True/False)The most important contributionof the citric acidcycle to energy metabolism is the extraction of high-energyelectrons during the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2.Explain youranswer.2.CellularADPConcentrationControlsATPformationalthoughbothADPandParerequiredforthe synthesisofATP,therateofsynthesisdepends mainlyontheconcentrationofADP,notPi,Why?
1 Testing and Thinking • 1.(True/False) The most important contribution of the citric acid cycle to energy metabolism is the extraction of high-energy electrons during the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 . Explain your answer. • 2. Cellular ADP Concentration Controls ATP formation although both ADP and Pi are required for the synthesis of ATP, the rate of synthesis depends mainly on the concentration of ADP, not Pi ,Why?
Which one of thefollowingwould beexpected toincrease theamount ofATP produced through operation of therespiratory chain and chemiosmosis (shown at right)?A.Increasing the permeability ofthe innermitochondrialmembraneto protons(H+)OutsideofcellB.DecreasingthepHinthe spacebetween theeRinnerandoutermitochondrialmembranesC.Applicationofrespiratoryuncouplers,such asATPSYNTHESISthermogeninR+1HHHighInterATPD.Reducing the supply of NADH +H+concentraticnmombranesynthaseOEHHspaceE.IncreasingtheH+ concentrationintheUSNAmitochondrialmatrixBeDraMitochondrialLowmatrixconcontrationOfH
2 Which one of the following would be expected to increase the amount of ATP produced through operation of the respiratory chain and chemiosmosis (shown at right)? A. Increasing the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons (H+) B. Decreasing the pH in the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes C. Application of respiratory uncouplers, such as thermogenin D. Reducing the supply of NADH + H+ E. Increasing the H+ concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
ChoiceBis correct.Decreasing the pH in this spacewould increase the concentration ofH+, resulting in a greater proton-motive force and ultimatelyincreasing ATP output
3 Choice B is correct. Decreasing the pH in this space would increase the concentration of H+, resulting in a greater protonmotive force and ultimately increasing ATP output
protein_sorting游离核糖体合成蛋白质的去向TUTORIALISLOADING翻译后转运-游离核糖体，前导肽
4 protein_sorting 翻译后转运-游离核糖体,前导肽 游离核糖体合成蛋白质的去向
粗面内质网的功能信号肽与蛋白质合成mRNA爱ERurOONH3CompletedNTpolypeptideNH3inEREndoplasmicreticulum(ER)Remainsin ERGolgicomplexPlasma4membraneSecretory vesicieLysosome生COTRANSLATIONALIMPORT
◆ 信号肽与蛋白质合成 粗面内质网的功能