氧化电位水是绿色消毒剂 来源于水回归于水 1化的内水水入0.05刚 的鼠化钠话过电解阳极 的成氯气。氯气与水有 吃州花精和家酸第物 页。另外，水也在阳技国 电解、变城有气利岗向 下，使阳极生的液体州 酸性水 碱性水 市降到3以下，氧化国 电布开到100m 上，有敏鼠体世达到 30-80ng1 水 阳极 阴极 水 NaCl 隔膜 NaCl
氧化电位水是绿色消毒剂 来源于水 回归于水 软化的自来水加入0.05% 的氯化钠通过电解在阳极 侧生成氯气，氯气与水反 应生成盐酸和次氯酸等物 质。另外，水也在阳极侧 电解，变成氧气和氢离 子，使阳极产生的液体pH 下降到 3以下，氧化还原 电位上升到1100mV 以 上，有效氯浓度达到 30~80mg/L
+Br2(l) Oxidizing agent:Cl,+2Br>Br,+2Cl (sea water海水) Purification 3Br2+3C03→5Br+BrO3+3CO,(歧化) BrO+5Br+6H*>3Br,+3H,O (reverse disprotionation reaction逆歧化) L2(S) √Algae(海藻)is used as reaction material: C12(适量)+2I→I2+2C1 6H20+5C12(过量)+L2→2I03+10CT+12H MnO +4H*+2I Mn2+I,+2H,O √Chile saltpeter(智利硝石)as reaction material: 2I0+5HS0→L2+2S0+3HS0+H,01D
•Br 2(l) Oxidizing agent ： − − Cl + 2Br ⎯⎯→Br + 2Cl 2 2 (reverse disprotionation reaction 逆歧化 ) BrO 3 + 5Br + 6H ⎯⎯→3Br 2 + 3H 2 O − − + •I 2 (s) 9Algae(海藻） is used as reaction material ： − − Cl ( ) + 2I ⎯⎯→ I + 2Cl 2 适量 2 2IO 5HSO I 2SO 3HSO4 H 2 O 2 3 + 3 ⎯⎯→ 2 + 4 + + − − − − Purification 3Br 3CO 5Br BrO 3CO ( ) 3 2 2 2 + 3 − → − + − + 歧化 9Chile saltpeter(智利硝石) as reaction material ： − − + 6H 2 O +5Cl 2 (过量) + I 2 2IO 3 +10Cl +12H MnO 4H 2I Mn I 2 2H 2 O 2 2 + + + + + + − (sea water 海水)
15.1.3 Hydrogen halides 1.Properties of hydrogen halides Colorless gases with pungent odor at room temperature HF HCI HBr HI u/(10-30cm)6.37 3.57 2.76 1.40 molecules'polarity m.p./℃ *-83.57-114.18-86.87-50.80 m.p.熔点 b.p./℃*19.52-85.05-66.71-35.1 b.p.沸点f △H8/kJmol-1-271.1 -92.3-36.4 -26.5 lecomposition/C1500 1000 300 Stability 稳定性 键能/kJmo 1570 432 366 298 acidity weak strong 酸性 弱 强
Colorless gases with pungent odor at room temperature HF HCl HBr HI decomposition/ ℃>1500 1000 300 键能/kJ·mol-1 570 432 366 298 acidity 酸性 weak 弱 strong 强 molecules’ polarity Stability 稳定性 b.p.沸点 m.p./ ℃ *-83.57 -114.18 -86.87 -50.80 m.p.熔点 b.p./ ℃ * 19.52 -85.05 -66.71 -35.1 μ /(10-30c·m) 6.37 3.57 2.76 1.40 15.1.3 Hydrogen halides /kJ·mol -271.1 -92.3 -36.4 -26.5 -1 △ fHm 1. Properties of hydrogen halides
2.The preparation of hydrogen halides ·HCI vIndustry method:direct synthesis method Cl2+H2v→2HCl Laboratory method:metathesis reaction NaCl+H,SO>HCI+NaHSO 2NaCl+H,SO.(浓 >50oc→2HCl+Na2S04 HF metathesis reaction CaF2+H,S04(浓)→CaSO4+2HF
• HCl Cl H 2HCl hv 2 + 2 ⎯⎯→ 2 4 500 C 2NaCl H2SO 4 (浓) 2HCl Na SO O + ⎯⎯ →⎯ + > 2 4 HCl NaHSO4 NaCl + H SO (浓) ⎯⎯→ + Δ •HF CaF2+H2SO4 (浓)⎯⎯→CaSO4+2HF direct synthesis method metathesis reaction metathesis reaction 9Industry method： 9Laboratory method： 2. The preparation of hydrogen halides
.HBr and HI hydrolysis of the halides PBr +3H,O->3HBr +H3 PO PI3+3H2O→3HΠ+H3PO3 2P+3Br2 +6H2O->6HBr +2H;PO3 or simplely2P++6H6HI+2H,PO, Metatheticalreaction(复分解反应)，No！for(X=Br,I) KX+H,SO4(浓)→HX+KHSO4 2HBr+H2S04(浓)→S02+Br2+2H2O 8HⅡ+H,SO4(浓)→H2S+4I2+4H,O Can HBr and HI be prepared via metatheticalreaction of other acids? 能否选用其他酸用复分解反应制备HBr和HI?YES!
⎪⎩ ⎪⎨⎧ + ⎯⎯→ + + ⎯⎯→ + 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 PI 3H O 3HI H PO PBr 3H O 3HBr H PO ⎪⎩ ⎪⎨⎧ + + ⎯⎯→ + + + ⎯⎯→ + 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2P 3I 6H O 6HI 2H PO 2P 3Br 6H O 6HBr 2H PO KX + H2SO 4（浓）⎯⎯→ HX + KHSO 4 2HBr + H2SO4 (浓) ⎯⎯→SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 8HI + H 2SO 4（浓）⎯⎯→ H 2S + 4I 2 + 4H 2O •HBr and HI hydrolysis of the halides Metatheticalreaction(复分解反应）, No! for (X=Br,I) or simplely Can HBr and HI be prepared via metatheticalreaction of other acids? 能否选用其他酸用复分解反应制备HBr和HI? YES!