大学英语阅读——例证题解题技巧

英语例证题解题技巧英语阅读中的题型分为九大类：例证题、指代题、词汇题、句子理解题、推理题、主旨题、作者态度题、判断题以及细节题。现就英语阅读例证题解题法整理如下，供大家借鉴：1.例证题的标志词汇：case，example，illustrate，demonstrate，exemplify2.解题的关键：不在于是否看懂例子，而在于例子所支持的观点。3．具体的解题方法：返回原文，定位该例子，然后在例子前后搜索例子所支持的观点。然后在四个选项中找到观点意思最接近的一个作为答案。4.错误选项的设计方法：（1）列举例子中的具体事例（2）混淆论点论据(3) 列举无关常识。Agreat deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the divisionoftheworld intotheinfo(information)richandthe infopoor.Andthatdividedoes existtoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthat work against the digitaldivideTherearereasonstobeoptimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internetbecomes moreandmore commercialized, it is inthe interestof businessto universalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential customersthereare.Moreandmore governments,afraid their countries willbe left behind, want to spread Internet access.Withinthe next decade ortwo,onetotwo billionpeople on theplanet will benettedtogether.As aresult,Inow believethedigital divide willnarrowratherthan widen in theyears ahead.And that is verygood news becausethe Internetmaywell bethemostpowerful toolfor combating world poverty that we've ever had.Ofcourse,the use oftheInternet isn't the only wayto defeat poverty.AndtheInternet isnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithas enormouspotential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over theiroutdated anti-colonial prejudices withrespect toforeign investment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeign investment is an invasionof theirsovereigntymight well studythehistoryofinfrastructure (thebasic structuralfoundationsofa society)intheUnited States.WhentheUnited States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn't have the capital to do so.And thatiswhyAmerica's SecondWave infrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,ports and soon-were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutchand the French

英语例证题解题技巧 英语阅读中的题型分为九大类：例证题、指代题、词汇题、句子理解题、推理题、主旨 题、作者态度题、判断题以及细节题。现就英语阅读例证题解题法整理如下，供大家借鉴： 1. 例证题的标志词汇：case, example, illustrate, demonstrate, exemplify 2. 解题的关键：不在于是否看懂例子，而在于例子所支持的观点。 3. 具体的解题方法：返回原文，定位该例子，然后在例子前后搜索例子所支持的观点。 然后在四个选项中找到观点意思最接近的一个作为答案。 4. 错误选项的设计方法：（1）列举例子中的具体事例 （2）混淆论点论据 （3）列 举无关常识。 A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French

were investing in Britain'sformer colony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guess who owns them.now?TheAmericans believe the samethingwould be true inplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themoreforeigncapital youhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, orletting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it doesmeanrecognizing how importantthey can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take fulladvantage of the Internet.1. Digital divide is somethingA.gettingworsebecauseoftheInternetB. the rich countries are responsible forC. the world must guard againstD. considered positive today2.Governments attach importancetothe Internetbecause itA.offers economic potentialsB. can bring foreign fundsC.can soonwipeout world povertyD. connects people all over the world3.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy ofA. providing financial support overseasB. [B]preventing foreign capital's controlC. Building industrial infrastructure

were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. 1. Digital divide is something _. A. getting worse because of the Internet B. the rich countries are responsible for C. the world must guard against D. considered positive today 2. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _. A. offers economic potentials B. can bring foreign funds C. can soon wipe out world poverty D. connects people all over the world 3. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _. A. providing financial support overseas B. [B]preventing foreign capital's control C. Building industrial infrastructure

D. Accepting foreign investment4.ItseemsthatnowacountryseconomydependsmuchonA.How well developed it is electronicallyB.Whetherit isprejudicedagainst immigrantsC.WhetheritadoptsAmerica's industrialpatternD.Howmuchcontrol ithasoverforeigncorporations其中第三题为例证题：3.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatesto justifythepolicyofA.Providingfinancial supportoverseasB.Preventingforeigncapital'scontrolC.Building industrial infrastructureD.Accepting foreign investment解题三步骤：(1)阅读题干，确定关键词：关键词：caseoftheUnitedStates(2)定位到段(文章第四段)To takeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverished countrieswill haveto getovertheiroutdated anti-colonial prejudices with respecttoforeign investment.Countries that stll thinkforeign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history ofinfrastructure (the basic structural foundation of a society) in theUnited States.When theUnited States built its industrial infrastructure,it didn'thave the capitalto do so.Andthat iswhyAmericasSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandso on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans,the Dutch and theFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.Ibelievethesamethingwouldbetrue in places like Brazil oranywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you havehelping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure,thebetteroffyouregoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmean lyingdownandbecomingfooled,orletting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it does mean recognizinghow importanttheycanbe inbuildingtheenergyandtelecom infrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.(3）定位到句，同义替换，得出答案。结合例证题的解题方法：返回原文，定位该例子，然后在原文出现例子前后搜索该例子所支持的观点：第四段的观点句：Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhaveto get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment

D. Accepting foreign investment 4. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on _. A. How well developed it is electronically B. Whether it is prejudiced against immigrants C. Whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern D. How much control it has over foreign corporations 其中第三题为例证题： 3. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _. A. Providing financial support overseas B. Preventing foreign capital’s control C. Building industrial infrastructure D. Accepting foreign investment 解题三步骤： （1） 阅读题干，确定关键词： 关键词：case of the United States (2) 定位到段 （文章第四段） To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundation of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet. （3）定位到句，同义替换，得出答案。 结合例证题的解题方法：返回原文，定位该例子，然后在原文出现例子前后搜索该例子 所支持的观点： 第四段的观点句： To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment

Countriesthatstillthinkforeign investmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundations ofasociety)inthe United States.即：贫穷国家应抛弃“外国资本投资是对主权的一种侵犯”的错误观点。而美国基础设施刚好论证了这一点。换言之就是：应该接受外国资本的投资。即选项应该是D再看下面其他选项：[A]providingfinancial supportoverseas向海外提供资金资助分析：此选项为偷换概念：把段落观点中的“接受投资”改成了“向外投资”[B]preventingforeigncapitalscontrol防止外国资本的控制分析：断章取义：文中提到foreigninvestmentisaninvasion，但这是作者建议应该抛弃的观点。[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure建设工业基础设施分析：列举句中具体事例来代替观点：这是例证题中常见的错误答案的设置，例子是为了说明观点，而不是用例子来说明例子的。换个角度来解题：【关键词+感情色彩】观点中的关键词是：foreigninvestment，作者对其的感情色彩是“getovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment"在解题的时候，我们就需要找到符合这两个条件的选项。A：选项中没有提到关键词，也没有包含感情色彩。B：选项中有关键词“foreigncapital"可以和观点中的关键词进行同义替换，满足项。但是对于foreign capital的情感态度是抵触，消极的，因此排除。C：选项中没有关键词，也没有包含感情色彩。D：有关键词“foreign investment"，且对于关键词的态度是”accept"和“getovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices"的情感色彩一样，可选。长难句解析：To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will haveto get over theiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.1句子主千Someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices.2.句子其他成分：句首不定式做目的状语。With是介词短语做后置定语。3．固定搭配：impoverishedcountries贫穷国家getover克服，摒弃withrespectto关于。。。，就。。。而言4.句子切分：Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverished countrieswill havetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.这是一个简单句，句中也没有从句，因此只需要将句子细分：(1)先找介词:tooftooverwithto(2）再将句子细分：Totakeadvantageofthistool/someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetover/theiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices/withrespecttoforeigninvestment

Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure ( the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. 即：贫穷国家应抛弃“外国资本投资是对主权的一种侵犯”的错误观点。而美国基础设 施刚好论证了这一点。换言之就是：应该接受外国资本的投资。即选项应该是 D. 再看下面其他选项： [A] providing financial support overseas 向海外提供资金资助 分析：此选项为偷换概念：把段落观点中的“接受投资”改成了“向外投资” [B] preventing foreign capital’s control 防止外国资本的控制 分析：断章取义：文中提到 foreign investment is an invasion, 但这是作者建议应该抛弃的 观点。 [C] building industrial infrastructure 建设工业基础设施 分析：列举句中具体事例来代替观点：这是例证题中常见的错误答案的设置，例子是为了说 明观点，而不是用例子来说明例子的。 换个角度来解题：【关键词+感情色彩】 观点中的关键词是：foreign investment, 作者对其的感情色彩是 “get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment”. 在解题的时候，我们就需要找 到符合这两个条件的选项。 A：选项中没有提到关键词，也没有包含感情色彩。 B：选项中有关键词 “foreign capital” 可以和观点中的关键词进行同义替换，满足一 项。但是对于 foreign capital 的情感态度是抵触，消极的，因此排除。 C：选项中没有关键词，也没有包含感情色彩。 D：有关键词 “foreign investment”, 且对于关键词的态度是”accept” 和 “get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices” 的情感色彩一样，可选。 长难句解析： To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. 1. 句子主干：Some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices. 2. 句子其他成分：句首不定式做目的状语。With 是介词短语做后置定语。 3. 固定搭配：impoverished countries 贫穷国家 get over 克服，摒弃 with respect to 关于。； 就。而言 4. 句子切分： To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. 这是一个简单句，句中也没有从句，因此只需要将句子细分： （1）先找介词 : to of to over with to （2）再将句子细分： To take advantage of this tool,/ some impoverished countries will have to get over/their outdated anti-colonial prejudices/ with respect to foreign investment

试题解析：5.【正确答案】[C]意为全世界应该警惕的。第一段第一句对“数字分化”下了一个定义。其后作者提到，他和妻子20年前就在讲演中谈到这种随时将至的危险，这里，thisloomingdanger当指thedigitaldivide，即在世界范围内产生信息富裕和信息贫之的两类国家。当时，作者就认为前途是乐观的，因为早在20年前就已经出现了一些防止产生这种分化的积极因素只是当时这些因索还不太明显。同时，在第二段，作者提到了网络的普及使这种分化正得到缩小。可见，在作者看来，这种分化是不好的现象，而网络的普及能帮助世界战胜贫困(combatingworldpoverty,defeatpoverty)。有关选择项A和D，参阅本题对选择项C的解释。B不对。该选择项表达的内容本文没有提到。6.【正确答案】[A]第二段提到，随着国际互联网越来越趋于商业化，普及上网会对商家有利，因为上网的人越多，潜在的顾客人数就越多，因此，许多国家的政府惟恐落后于形势，想要扩大上网率。第二段最后一句指出，“数字分化”的缩小是一个好现象，因为，国际互联网很可能是我们迄今所拥有的战胜贫困的最强有力的工具。所谓“战胜贫困”即指使这些贫穷国家富裕起来。第三段第三句则直截了当地指出，国际互联网有巨大的（经济）发展潜力。B意为：可以带来海外投资。在第四段，作者建议贫穷国家在利用外资方面放弃一些过时的偏见一一如殖民、侵犯主权等概念，积极利用外资建立自己的电子基础设施，以便充分利用国际互联网提供的机遇，走向富裕(betteroff)。这里的逻辑并不是互联网带来外资，而是利用外资发展网络工程。C意为：能很快消火贫困。蛋然作者提到了国际互联网的利用可能是战胜贫困的工具，但这仅仅是一种潜在的力量，把这种力量转化为现实则取决于不同国家的努力。D不对。正像上面所分析的，政府关注国际互联网是因为它为经济的发展带来的巨大潜力，而不仅仅是它将世界连成一片这个事实。7.【正确答案】[D]在第四段，美国和巴西的例子都用以说明抛弃过去的在利用外资上的错误观念，充分利用外资建立电子基础设施的重要性，因为，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”（指目前正在进

试题解析： 5. 【正确答案】[C] 意为：全世界应该警惕的。第一段第一句对“数字分化”下了一个定义。其后作者提 到，他和妻子 20 年前就在讲演中谈到这种随时将至的危险，这里，this looming danger 当 指 the digital divide，即在世界范围内产生信息富裕和信息贫乏的两类国家。当时，作者就 认为前途是乐观的，因为早在 20 年前就已经出现了一些防止产生这种分化的积极因素， 只是当时这些因索还不太明显。同时，在第二段，作者提到了网络的普及使这种分化正得 到缩小。可见，在作者看来，这种分化是不好的现象，而网络的普及能帮助世界战胜贫困 (combating world poverty, defeat poverty)。 有关选择项 A 和 D，参阅本题对选择项 C 的解释。B 不对。该选择项表达的内容本文没 有提到。 6. 【正确答案】[A] 第二段提到，随着国际互联网越来越趋于商业化，普及上网会对商家有利，因为上网的 人越多，潜在的顾客人数就越多，因此，许多国家的政府惟恐落后于形势，想要扩大上网 率。第二段最后一句指出，“数字分化”的缩小是一个好现象，因为，国际互联网很可能是 我们迄今所拥有的战胜贫困的最强有力的工具。所谓“战胜贫困”即指使这些贫穷国家富 裕起来。第三段第三句则直截了当地指出，国际互联网有巨大的(经济)发展潜力。 B 意为：可以带来海外投资。在第四段，作者建议贫穷国家在利用外资方面放弃一些过 时的偏见——如殖民、侵犯主权等概念，积极利用外资建立自己的电子基础设施，以便充 分利用国际互联网提供的机遇，走向富裕(better off)。这里的逻辑并不是互联网带来外 资，而是利用外资发展网络工程。C 意为：能很快消灭贫困。虽然作者提到了国际互联网 的利用可能是战胜贫困的工具，但这仅仅是一种潜在的力量，把这种力量转化为现实则取 决于不同国家的努力。D 不对。正像上面所分析的，政府关注国际互联网是因为它为经济 的发展带来的巨大潜力，而不仅仅是它将世界连成一片这个事实。 7. 【正确答案】[D] 在第四段，美国和巴西的例子都用以说明抛弃过去的在利用外资上的错误观念，充分利 用外资建立电子基础设施的重要性，因为，哪个国家在建设“第三次浪潮”(指目前正在进