The Endocrine Changes of Puberty Hypothalamus-Pituitary -Gonads, Adrenal Glands Axis neurotransmitters Noradrenalin C.NS→ 神经递质 去甲肾上腺素↑ GABA 5-HT Median Eminence (MLT前体)↓ 下丘脑神经内分泌细胞→GnRH Pituitary→Gn:LH、FsH Gonads Ovary(E2) testicle (T)
Secondary Sexual Development Normal puberty(average) girls 10y-l1 y boys 12-13y Factors individual hereditary, nutritional, morbid, psychological
Normal Sexual Development Sequence Girls: breast-labia-pigmentation-vaginal secretion pubic hair-menarche 13y boys Testis-penis-scrotum-pubic axillary hair -beard-Adam's apple -spermatorrhea 15ys
Changes in physical build and statue 1. Linearity growth The pubertal growth spurt 2Y 增长高峰(PHV) Girls: 10Y-18Y 25cm 16Y Boys: 12Y-20y 28cm 17Y Foot-calf-thigh-trunk Top /lower part Preadolescence= 1.1 Postadolescence=0.9
Changes in physical build and statue 2. Acromion/ Iliac Crest双肩峰距/双髂嵴距 male 1.37 female 1.35-1.27 boys Viscerocranium-frontal sinus mandible 3. Body composition lean body mass( LBM) Prepuberty boys≈ girls Puberty boys'LBM, bone s 1.5 times of girls Girls' body fat s 2.0 times of boys