Routes of infection for pathogens Route of entry Mode of transmission Pathogen Disease Mucosal surfaces Influenza virus Influenza Inhaled droplets Neisseria meningitidis Meningococcal meningitis Gastrointestinal tract Contaminated Salmonella typl Typhoid fever water or food Rotavirus Diarrhea External epithelia External surface Physical contact Tinea pe Athlete' s foot Minor skin abrasions Wounds and abrasions Puncture wounds Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Handling infected Clostridium tetani Tetanus animals Pasteurella tularensis Tularemia Mosquito bites (Aedes aegypti Flavivirus Yellow fever Insect bites Deer tick bites Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme disease Mosquito bites Plasmodium spp Malaria (Anopheles)
Physical barriers 了skin D Mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tracts(GI) D Mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tracts
Skin Mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tracts (GI) Mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tracts Physical barriers
Antimicrobial Peptides D Defensins Cystein-rich peptides with 29-34 amino acids resent in the skin and abundant in neutrophil granules Broad-spectrum antibiotics Upregulated by inflammatory cytokines O Cryptocidines Secreted by the epithelium of the intestine Locally sterilize the lumen of intestine
Antimicrobial Peptides Defensins Cystein-rich peptides with 29-34 amino acids Present in the skin and abundant in neutrophil granules Broad-spectrum antibiotics Upregulated by inflammatory cytokines Cryptocidines Secreted by the epithelium of the intestine Locally sterilize the lumen of intestine