136 ANNEX 1 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
136 ANNEX 1 DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS
137 EFINITIONS USED IN THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S FORESTS FOREST AND RELATED LAND COVER Natural expansion of forest Expansion of forest through natural succession on land that until These terms have been adopted for use in the Global Forest then was under another land use( e.g. forest succession on land Resources Assessment 2000. Further information on definitions previously used for agriculture). It implies a transformation from has beenpublished in FAO documents(FAO, 1998d; FAO, 20000), non-forest to forest whichareavailableontheFaoWebsiteatwww.faoorg/for ESTRY/FO/FRA/index jsp Reforestation Establishment of forest plantations on temporarily unstocked ands that are considered forest Forest includes natural forests and forest plantations. The term is used to refer to land with a tree canopy cover of more than 10 Natural regeneration on forest lands percent and area of more than 0. 5 ha. Forests are determined both Natural succession of forest on temporarily unstocked lands that by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant are considered forest 5 m Young stands that have not yet reached, but are expected to Deforestation reach, a crown density of 10 percent and tree height of 5 m are The conversion of forest to another land use or the long-term included under forest, as are temporarily unstocked areas. The reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 per term includes forests used for purposes of production, protection, cent threshold (see the definition of forest and the following ex multiple use or conservation (i.e. forest in national parks, nature planatory note) reserves and other protected areas), as well as forest stands Explanatory note: Deforestation implies the long-term or per- agricultural lands(e.g windbreaks and shelterbelts of trees with a manent loss of forest cover and implies transformation into an- width of more than 20 m) and rubberwood plantations and cork other land use. Such a loss can only be caused and maintained oak stands. The term specifically excludes stands of trees estab- by a continued human-induced or natural perturbation. Defor- lished primarily for agricultural production, for example fruit tree estation includes areas of forest converted to agriculture, pas- plantations. It also excludes trees planted in agroforestry systems. ture, water reservoirs and urban areas. The term specifically excludes areas where the trees have been removed as a result of Natural forest harvesting or logging and where the forest is expected to regen- Aforest composed of indigenous trees, andnot classified as forest erate naturally or with the aid of silvicultural measures. Unless plantation logging is followed by the clearing of the remaining logged-over forest for the introduction of alternative land uses or the clear- Forest plantation ings are maintained through continued disturbance, forests com- A forest established by planting and/or seeding in the process of monly regenerate, although often to a different, secondary con- afforestation or reforestation. It consists of introduced species or, dition. In areas of shifting agriculture, forest, forest fallow and in some cases, indigenous speci agricultural lands appear in a dynamic pattern where deforest- tion and the return of forest occur frequently in small patches. To other wooded land simplify reporting of such areas, the net change over a larger area Land that has either a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) is typically used. Deforestation also includes areas where, for 5 to10 percent of treesable to reach a height of 5 mat maturity: example, the impact of disturbance, overutilization or changing or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level)of more than 10 environmental conditions affects the forest to an extent that it percent of trees not able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity; or cannot sustain a tree cover above the 10 percent threshold a shrub or bush cover of more than 10 percent. Forest degradation Changes within the forest that negatively affect the structure or Establishment of forest plantations on land that until then was not function of the stand or site, and thereby lower its capacity to classified asforest It impliesatransformationfromnon-forest toforest. supply products and/or services
137 Natural expansion of forest Expansion of forest through natural succession on land that until then was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture). It implies a transformation from non-forest to forest. Reforestation Establishment of forest plantations on temporarily unstocked lands that are considered forest. Natural regeneration on forest lands Natural succession of forest on temporarily unstocked lands that are considered forest. Deforestation The conversion of forest to another land use or the long-term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold (see the definition of forest and the following explanatory note). Explanatory note: Deforestation implies the long-term or permanent loss of forest cover and implies transformation into another land use. Such a loss can only be caused and maintained by a continued human-induced or natural perturbation. Deforestation includes areas of forest converted to agriculture, pasture, water reservoirs and urban areas. The term specifically excludes areas where the trees have been removed as a result of harvesting or logging and where the forest is expected to regenerate naturally or with the aid of silvicultural measures. Unless logging is followed by the clearing of the remaining logged-over forest for the introduction of alternative land uses, or the clearings are maintained through continued disturbance, forests commonly regenerate, although often to a different, secondary condition. In areas of shifting agriculture, forest, forest fallow and agricultural lands appear in a dynamic pattern where deforestation and the return of forest occur frequently in small patches. To simplify reporting of such areas, the net change over a larger area is typically used. Deforestation also includes areas where, for example, the impact of disturbance, overutilization or changing environmental conditions affects the forest to an extent that it cannot sustain a tree cover above the 10 percent threshold. Forest degradation Changes within the forest that negatively affect the structure or function of the stand or site, and thereby lower its capacity to supply products and/or services. FOREST AND RELATED LAND COVER These terms have been adopted for use in the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000. Further information on definitions has been published in FAO documents (FAO, 1998d; FAO, 2000f), which are available on the FAO Web site at: www.fao.org/FORESTRY/FO/FRA/index.jsp. Forest Forest includes natural forests and forest plantations. The term is used to refer to land with a tree canopy cover of more than 10 percent and area of more than 0.5 ha. Forests are determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m. Young stands that have not yet reached, but are expected to reach, a crown density of 10 percent and tree height of 5 m are included under forest, as are temporarily unstocked areas. The term includes forests used for purposes of production, protection, multiple use or conservation (i.e. forest in national parks, nature reserves and other protected areas), as well as forest stands on agricultural lands (e.g. windbreaks and shelterbelts of trees with a width of more than 20 m) and rubberwood plantations and cork oak stands. The term specifically excludes stands of trees established primarily for agricultural production, for example fruit tree plantations. It also excludes trees planted in agroforestry systems. Natural forest A forest composed of indigenous trees, and not classified as forest plantation. Forest plantation A forest established by planting and/or seeding in the process of afforestation or reforestation. It consists of introduced species or, in some cases, indigenous species. Other wooded land Land that has either a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of 5 to10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity; or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10 percent of trees not able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity; or a shrub or bush cover of more than 10 percent. Afforestation Establishment of forest plantations on land that until then was not classified as forest. It implies a transformation from non-forest to forest. DEFINITIONS USED IN THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS 137
138 Forest improvement Sawnwood Changes within the forest that positively affect the structure or Wood (including sleepers) sawn lengthwise or produced by a function of the stand or site, and thereby increase its capacity to profile-chipping process, and planed wood supply products and/or services An aggregate term including the following commodities: veneer FOREST PRODUCTS heets, plywood, particle board and fibreboard Particle board includes varieties such as oriented strand board(OSB)and These definitions are an abbreviated form of those used in the flakeboard. Fibreboard includes hardboard, medium-density FAO Yearbook of Forest Products, which includes full details fibreboard(MDF)and insulation fibreboard FAO,2000c) Pulp for paper Roundwood This includes both wood pulp(mechanical, semi-chemical and Wood in its natural state as removed from forests and from trees chemical)and other fibre pulp(straw, bamboo and bagasse, etc outside forests; wood in the rough Commodities include all forms of industrial roundwood and Recovered paper fuelwood Used paper and paperboard or residues from paper conversion that are collected for reuse as a raw material for the manufacture of paper, paperboard or other products. Wood that will be used"in the rough "as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating or power generation; and wood that will be Paper and paperboard used for charcoal production The following commodities are included in this aggregate: news- print, printing and writing paper, other paper and paperboard ndustrial roundwood The commodities included in this category are sawlogs or veneer Non-wood forest products logs, pulpwood and other industrial roundwood. In the case of Goods of biological origin other than wood that are derived from trade, chips and particles and wood residues are also included. forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests
138 Forest improvement Changes within the forest that positively affect the structure or function of the stand or site, and thereby increase its capacity to supply products and/or services. FOREST PRODUCTS These definitions are an abbreviated form of those used in the FAO Yearbook of Forest Products, which includes full details (FAO, 2000c). Roundwood Wood in its natural state as removed from forests and from trees outside forests; wood in the rough. Commodities include all forms of industrial roundwood and fuelwood. Woodfuel Wood that will be used “in the rough” as fuel for purposes such as cooking, heating or power generation; and wood that will be used for charcoal production. Industrial roundwood The commodities included in this category are sawlogs or veneer logs, pulpwood and other industrial roundwood. In the case of trade, chips and particles and wood residues are also included. Sawnwood Wood (including sleepers) sawn lengthwise or produced by a profile-chipping process, and planed wood. Wood-based panels An aggregate term including the following commodities: veneer sheets, plywood, particle board and fibreboard. Particle board includes varieties such as oriented strand board (OSB) and flakeboard. Fibreboard includes hardboard, medium-density fibreboard (MDF) and insulation fibreboard. Pulp for paper This includes both wood pulp (mechanical, semi-chemical and chemical) and other fibre pulp (straw, bamboo and bagasse, etc.). Recovered paper Used paper and paperboard or residues from paper conversion that are collected for reuse as a raw material for the manufacture of paper, paperboard or other products. Paper and paperboard The following commodities are included in this aggregate: newsprint, printing and writing paper, other paper and paperboard. Non-wood forest products Goods of biological origin other than wood that are derived from forests, other wooded land and trees outside forests
139 ACRONYMS CPF Activities Implemented Jointly(FCCC) Collaborative Partnership on Forests APFC Asia-Pacific Forestry Commissio Canadian Standards Association ASEAN CSD Association of southeast asian Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UN) ATO DFID African Timber Organization Department for International Development (UK) BAS EBRD Belize Audubon Society European Bank for Reconstruction and Development CARICOM EC Caribbean Community and Common Market European Community CATIE ECOSOC Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Economic and Social Council (UN) ECOWAS CBC Economic Community of West African States community-based conservation EEC CCAB-AP European Economic Community Central American Council for Forests and protected Areas(CCAD CCAD Central American Commission on Environment and Framework Convention on Climate Change Development FORIS CDM Forestry Information System Clean Development Mechanism(FCCC) FPIRS CEFDHAC Forest Policy Implementation Review and Strategy Conference on the Central African moist forest World Bank) EcoSystems FRA 2000 CEOS Global forest resources assessment 2000 Committee on earth observation satellites FSC CEPI Forest Stewardship Council Confederation of European Paper Industries GAI CIFOR gross annual increment Center for International Forestry Research CIS Global Environment Facility Commonwealth of Independent States GFMC CITES Global Fire Monitoring Centre Convention on International Trade in Endangere GIs Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Geographic Information System COFO GMO Committee on Forestry(FAO) genetically modified organism ICDP Corporacion Nacional Forestal( Chile) tegrated conservation and development project COP CIMOD Conference of the parties International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
139 ACRONYMS AIJ Activities Implemented Jointly (FCCC) APFC Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ATO African Timber Organization BAS Belize Audubon Society CARICOM Caribbean Community and Common Market CATIE Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Center CBC community-based conservation CCAB-AP Central American Council for Forests and Protected Areas (CCAD) CCAD Central American Commission on Environment and Development CDM Clean Development Mechanism (FCCC) CEFDHAC Conference on the Central African Moist Forest Ecosystems CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites CEPI Confederation of European Paper Industries CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora COFO Committee on Forestry (FAO) CONAF Corporación Nacional Forestal (Chile) COP Conference of the Parties CPF Collaborative Partnership on Forests CSA Canadian Standards Association CSD Commission on Sustainable Development (UN) DFID Department for International Development (UK) EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EC European Community ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EEC European Economic Community EU European Union FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change FORIS Forestry Information System FPIRS Forest Policy Implementation Review and Strategy (World Bank) FRA 2000 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 FSC Forest Stewardship Council GAI gross annual increment GEF Global Environment Facility GFMC Global Fire Monitoring Centre GIS Geographic Information System GMO genetically modified organism ICDP integrated conservation and development project ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
140 ICRAF LVL International Centre for Research in Agroforestry laminated veneer lumber IDRC MDF International Development Research Centre medium-density fibreboard NAFTA International Fund for Agricultural Development North American Free Trade Agreement IFF Intergovernmental Forum on Forests net annual increment D ternational Institute for Environment and non-governmental organization Development (UK) NTCC ILO National Timber Certification Council (Malaysia) International Labour Organization NWFP non-wood forest product International Monetary Fund OECD IPCC Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Office National des Forets(France) tergovernmental Panel on Forests ISDR oriented strand board International Strategy for Disaster Reduction(UN) PAGE Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems International Organization for standardization PEFC TC Pan-European Forest Certification Framework International Trade Centre PROFOR ITFF Programme on Forests (UNDP) Interagency Task Force on Forests (UN) QELRC ITTO quantified emission limitation or reduction commitmen International Tropical Timber Organization (FCCC) UCN RIL World Conservation Union reduced impact logging UFRO SAARC International Union of Forestry Research Organizations South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation IYM SADC International Year of Mountains Southern African Development Community JFM SBSTA Joint Forest Management Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice(FCCC) Joint Implementation(projects)(FCCC) Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technology LAES Advice(Conference on Biological Diversity Latin American Economic System SIDA Swedish International Development Agency Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute South pacific forum Land Use Change and Forestry(FCCC) TCA LULUCF Treaty for Amazonian Co-operation land use, land use change and forestry (projects) (FCCC) Tropical Montane Cloud Forest(Initiative
140 ICRAF International Centre for Research in Agroforestry IDRC International Development Research Centre IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFF Intergovernmental Forum on Forests IIED International Institute for Environment and Development (UK) ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPF Intergovernmental Panel on Forests ISDR International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN) ISO International Organization for Standardization ITC International Trade Centre ITFF Interagency Task Force on Forests (UN) ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IUCN World Conservation Union IUFRO International Union of Forestry Research Organizations IYM International Year of Mountains JFM Joint Forest Management JI Joint Implementation (projects) (FCCC) LAES Latin American Economic System LEI Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute LUCF Land Use Change and Forestry (FCCC) LULUCF land use, land use change and forestry (projects) (FCCC) LVL laminated veneer lumber MDF medium-density fibreboard NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAI net annual increment NGO non-governmental organization NTCC National Timber Certification Council (Malaysia) NWFP non-wood forest product OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ONF Office National des Forêts (France) OSB oriented strand board PAGE Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems PEFC Pan-European Forest Certification Framework PROFOR Programme on Forests (UNDP) QELRC quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment (FCCC) RIL reduced impact logging SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SADC Southern African Development Community SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technical Advice (FCCC) SBSTTA Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technology Advice (Conference on Biological Diversity) SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SPF South Pacific Forum TCA Treaty for Amazonian Co-operation TMCF Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (Initiative)