122 FORESTS 2001 PARTⅣY FORESTRY IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROUPS This chapter presents summary information on forest cover and forest listed below. In each case, the figures for imports and exports take products (production and trade) for the 11 regional economic grou into account the value of international trade with all countries including those within the regional group. The regional economic groups covered are: sociation of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) Caribbean Community and Common Market(CARICOM) Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS) Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS) European Community (EC) Latin American Economic System(LAES League of Arab States North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation(SAARC) uth Pacific Forum(SPF) Southern African Development Community (SADC)
122 STATE OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS 2001 PART IV FORESTRY IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROUPS This chapter presents summary information on forest cover and forest products (production and trade) for the 11 regional economic groups listed below. In each case, the figures for imports and exports take into account the value of international trade with all countries, including those within the regional group. The regional economic groups covered are: • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) • Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) • Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) • Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) • European Community (EC) • Latin American Economic System (LAES) • League of Arab States • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) • South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) • South Pacific Forum (SPF) • Southern African Development Community (SADC)
PART IV FORESTRY IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROUF 123 Association of southeast asian Nations The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration. At present, its members are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapor Thailand and Viet Nam. The AsEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are: i"to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian nations", and i)to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR Nearly half of the asEAN region is covered with tropical forest, accounting for about 6 percent of the worlds total forest area. Three-quarters of total wood production is used as fuelwood and charcoal. ASEAN is an important timber-producing region(particularly of tropical hardwoods ), accounting for 5 percent of the world,s industrial roundwood production. More than three-quarters of this comes from Indonesia and Malaysia. These two countries are major producers and exporters of wood-based panels mainly plywood), together accounting for 19 percent (in value)of world export trade in panels. The region is rapidly developing its pulp and paper industry. Many AsEAN countries are major exporters of non-wood forest products, in particular rubber, rattan and bamboo Forests in the asEAN region are of global significance in terms of biological diversity conservation. 限购19 Quantity %of world total Land area(000ha) 434542 Total forest area, 2000(000 ha) 211407 Woodfuel (000 m) 298711 487 od(000m)74 Forest area per capita(ha) Sawnwood('000 m) Annual change inforest area, 1990-2000 Wood panels('000 m) 16259 Thousand hectares Pulp for paper('000 tonnes) 3084 2 Percentage 1.1 Paper and paperboard ('000 tonnes)9477 Ne. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 1998 Product Export value Import USS thousands of world total USS thousands of world total 674807 10 945 171545 Wood panels('000 m) 12102 3099297 2 Pulp for paper('000 tonnes) 1671 Paper and paperboard ('000 tonnes) 1822845 2448 Note: ns.-not significant, indicating a very small value
PART IV FORESTRY IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROUPS 123 The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration. At present, its members are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam. The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are: i) “to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian nations”; and ii) “to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter”. DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR Nearly half of the ASEAN region is covered with tropical forest, accounting for about 6 percent of the world’s total forest area. Three-quarters of total wood production is used as fuelwood and charcoal. ASEAN is an important timber-producing region (particularly of tropical hardwoods), accounting for 5 percent of the world’s industrial roundwood production. More than three-quarters of this comes from Indonesia and Malaysia. These two countries are major producers and exporters of wood-based panels (mainly plywood), together accounting for 19 percent (in value) of world export trade in panels. The region is rapidly developing its pulp and paper industry. Many ASEAN countries are major exporters of non-wood forest products, in particular rubber, rattan and bamboo. Forests in the ASEAN region are of global significance in terms of biological diversity conservation. Association of Southeast Asian Nations Quantity % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) 298 711 17 Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 74 200 5 Sawnwood (’000 m3) 9 880 2 Wood panels (’000 m3) 16 259 11 Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) 3 084 2 Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 9 477 3 Forest resources Land area (’000 ha) 434 542 Total forest area, 2000 (’000 ha) 211 407 Percentage of land under forest 48.7 Forest area per capita (ha) 0.4 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 - Thousand hectares -2 325 - Percentage -1.1 Product Export Export value Import Import value quantity quantity US$ thousands % of world total US$ thousands % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) 2 301 n.s. 1 57 n.s. Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 6 654 674 807 10 945 171 545 2 Sawnwood (’000 m3) 4 227 1 248 149 5 2 272 470 398 2 Wood panels (’000 m3) 12 102 3 099 297 21 996 311 007 2 Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) 1 933 598 054 4 1 671 738 265 5 Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 2 873 1 822 845 3 2 448 1 934 560 3 Note: n.s. = not significant, indicating a very small value. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 1998 Production of wood-based products, 1998
STATE OF THE WORLD's FORESTs 2001 Caribbean Community and Common Market The Caribbean Community and Common Market(CARICOM) was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas on 4 July 1973, for the principal purpose of enhancing, through cooperation, the economic, social and cultural development of the people of member countries. CARICOM'S members are Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserra Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis saint Vincent and the grenadines Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR The CariCOm countries account foronly 1 percent of the world' s forest area, most of which is located in Guyana and Suriname. These countries, as well as Belize and Dominica, have a high percentage of their land area under forest. With the exception of Dominica, CARICOM'ssmall island states have a moderate to low forest cover. CARICOM, share of world production and trade in forest products is minor and its members are heavily dependent on imports to meet their paper, sawnwood and wood-based pane requirements uyanaiste Community smos active country in ems industries. Forest resources Land area('000ha 44073 Quantity %of world total Total forest area, 2000(0001 Woodfuel(000 m) 6606 770 ndustrial roundwood('000 m) 1 128 Forest area per capita (ha) Sawnwood(mr 172 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 Wood panels(m) Thousand hectares Pulp for paper('000 tonnes) Percentage Paper and paperboard ('000 tonnes)ns n.5S. >. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 1998 Product Export value quantity USS thousands of world total USS thousands of world total Woodfuel (000 m Industrial roundwood(000 mr) 116405 Wood panels('000 m) 17453 Pulp for paper('000 tonnes) Paper and paperboard('000 tonnes) ns 123953 Note: n s.=not significant, indicating a very small value
124 STATE OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS 2001 The Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas on 4 July 1973, for the principal purpose of enhancing, through cooperation, the economic, social and cultural development of the people of member countries. CARICOM’S members are Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR The CARICOM countries account for only 1 percent of the world’s forest area, most of which is located in Guyana and Suriname. These countries, as well as Belize and Dominica, have a high percentage of their land area under forest. With the exception of Dominica, CARICOM’s small island states have a moderate to low forest cover. CARICOM’s share of world production and trade in forest products is minor and its members are heavily dependent on imports to meet their paper, sawnwood and wood-based panel requirements. Guyana is the Community’s most active country in terms of forest industries. Quantity % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) 6 606 n.s. Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 1 128 n.s. Sawnwood (m3) 172 n.s. Wood panels (m3) 84 n.s. Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) n.s. n.s. Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) n.s. n.s. Forest resources Land area (’000 ha) 44 073 Total forest area, 2000 (’000 ha) 33 938 Percentage of land under forest 77.0 Forest area per capita (ha) 2.3 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 - Thousand hectares -100 - Percentage -0.3 Production of wood-based products, 1998 Product Export Export value Import Import value quantity quantity US$ thousands % of world total US$ thousands % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) n.s. n.s. n.s. 1 54 n.s. Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 96 8 064 n.s. 54 6 296 n.s. Sawnwood (’000 m3) 32 11 893 n.s. 370 116 405 n.s. Wood panels (’000 m3) 73 17 453 n.s. 104 38 041 n.s. Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) n.s. 166 n.s. 9 5 415 n.s. Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 1 994 n.s. 145 123 953 n.s. Note: n.s. = not significant, indicating a very small value. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 1998 Caribbean Community and Common Market
PART∨ FORESTRY IN ECONOMIC GROUPS 125 Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)was established in December 1991. It is a voluntary association consisting of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The main purpose of the Commonwealth is to develop and strengthen cooperation and to serve the cause of peace and security DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR Nearly one-quarter of the worlds forests are located in the CIS. The Russian Federation, which alone contains 22 percent of the world,s forests, accounts for 94 percent of the group's total forest area. In addition to the russian Federation, which has 50 percent of its land area under forest, Belarus and georgia are also heavily forested(with 45 and 44 percent of their land under forest, respectively). The other countries have a low to moderate forest cover. The Russian Federation accounts for about 90 percent of both production and consumption of forest products in the CIS. It is a major exporter of industrial roundwood, accounting for 24 percent(by volume) and 14 percent (by value)of world trade in logs. This is a significant increase from 1996, when the Russian Federation accounted for 20 percent of the volume of world trade in logs. The other countries are highly dependent on imports to meet their requirements for wood products. Forest resources Production of wood-based products, 1998 Land area('000ha 2177597 Quantity %of world total Total forest area, 2000(000 ha) Woodfuel (000 m) Percentage of land under forest 41.1 Forest area per capita (ha) Sawnwood(000 m) 5 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 Wood panels(,000 m) Thousand hectares Pulp for paper ('000 tonnes) 3907 Percentage 0.1 Paper and paperboard('000 tonnes)3932 s. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 190 Product xport Export value Import value USS thousands of world total USs thousands of world total Woodfuel 23059 16 2 Industrial roundwood(000 m2) 202 15 24117 Wood panels(000m) 328885 2 112036 Pulp for paper('000 tonnes) Paper and paperboard (000 tonnes) 768490 708 Note: ns.=not significant, indicating a very small value
PART IV FORESTRY IN REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROUPS 125 Commonwealth of Independent States Quantity % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) 43 267 2 Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 100 929 7 Sawnwood (’000 m3) 20 358 5 Wood panels (’000 m3) 4 160 3 Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) 3 907 2 Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 3 932 1 Forest resources Land area (’000 ha) 2 177 597 Total forest area, 2000 (’000 ha) 894 411 Percentage of land under forest 41.1 Forest area per capita (ha) 3.1 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 - Thousand hectares 709 - Percentage 0.1 Production of wood-based products, 1998 Product Export Export value Import Import value quantity quantity US$ thousands % of world total US$ thousands % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) 988 23 059 16 2 74 n.s. Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 21 042 976 611 15 582 24 117 n.s. Sawnwood (’000 m3) 5 222 611 756 3 1 058 88 390 n.s. Wood panels (’000 m3) 1 408 328 885 2 434 112 036 1 Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) 1 007 338 827 2 54 29 513 n.s. Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 1 762 768 490 1 708 704 622 1 Note: n.s. = not significant, indicating a very small value. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 1998 The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established in December 1991. It is a voluntary association consisting of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The main purpose of the Commonwealth is to develop and strengthen cooperation and to serve the cause of peace and security. DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR Nearly one-quarter of the world’s forests are located in the CIS. The Russian Federation, which alone contains 22 percent of the world’s forests, accounts for 94 percent of the group’s total forest area. In addition to the Russian Federation, which has 50 percent of its land area under forest, Belarus and Georgia are also heavily forested (with 45 and 44 percent of their land under forest, respectively). The other countries have a low to moderate forest cover. The Russian Federation accounts for about 90 percent of both production and consumption of forest products in the CIS. It is a major exporter of industrial roundwood, accounting for 24 percent (by volume) and 14 percent (by value) of world trade in logs. This is a significant increase from 1996, when the Russian Federation accounted for 20 percent of the volume of world trade in logs. The other countries are highly dependent on imports to meet their requirements for wood products
STATE OF THE WORLD's FORESTs 2001 Economic Community of West African States The Treaty of Lagos establishing the Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS)was signed by representatives of 15 West African States in Lagos on 28 May 1975. At present, the following countries adhere to the treaty: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'lvoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, the Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. The ECOWAS Treaty specifies that the Community's objective, to be achieved in stages, is the creation of an economic and monetary union. Cooperation in the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries is one of its primary aims. The first stage in this cooperation entails the harmonization of intermal and external policies, the second stage envisages the adoption of a common agricultural policy. DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR ECOWAS members together contain only 2 percent of the world 's forests. While only 12 percent of the combined land area is under forest, an additional 23 percent is classified as"other wooded land", which contributes to the production of various forest products, grazing and desertification control. "Trees outside forests, such as those in agroforestry systems, are also an important resource. More than 90 percent of the wood produced by ECOWAS member countries is used as woodfuel. Within the Community, the most important producers of industrial wood products are Nigeria, Cote d'lvoire and Ghana ECOWAS accounts for only a minor share of world imports and exports of wood products Forest e oducts, 1998 7842 Quantity of world total Land area (000 ha) Total forest area, 2000(000 ha) 69 Voodfuel ('000 ma) Percentage of land under forest Industrial roundwood('000 m,) 17872 Forest area per capita (ha) sawnwood(000 m) 4157 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 Vood panels('000 m3) Thousand hectares 1265 Pulp for paper('000 tonnes) s 18 63 Export value Import value quantity ss thousands of world total USS thousands of world total Woodfuel(000m) n 3782 Sawnwood(000m 44 8872 Wood panels(,000m) 14517 Paper and paperboard(000 tonnes) 2564 187824 ns not significant, indicatinga very small value
126 STATE OF THE WORLD’S FORESTS 2001 Economic Community of West African States Quantity % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) 168 009 10 Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 17 872 1 Sawnwood (’000 m3) 4 157 1 Wood panels (’000 m3) 578 n.s. Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) 23 n.s. Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 63 n.s. Forest resources Land area (’000 ha) 607 842 Total forest area, 2000 (’000 ha) 69 822 Percentage of land under forest 11.5 Forest area per capita (ha) 0.3 Annual change in forest area, 1990-2000 - Thousand hectares -1 265 - Percentage -1.8 Production of wood-based products, 1998 Product Export Export value Import Import value quantity quantity US$ thousands % of world total US$ thousands % of world total Woodfuel (’000 m3) n.s. 27 n.s. n.s. 17 n.s. Industrial roundwood (’000 m3) 249 39 479 1 28 3 782 n.s. Sawnwood (’000 m3) 832 308 444 1 43 8 872 n.s. Wood panels (’000 m3) 270 100 966 1 36 14 517 n.s. Pulp for paper (’000 tonnes) n.s. 302 n.s. 8 4 939 n.s. Paper and paperboard (’000 tonnes) 4 2 564 n.s. 259 187 824 n.s. Note: n.s. = not significant, indicating a very small value. International forest products trade: quantity and value, 1998 The Treaty of Lagos establishing the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was signed by representatives of 15 West African States in Lagos on 28 May 1975. At present, the following countries adhere to the treaty: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, the Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. The ECOWAS Treaty specifies that the Community’s objective, to be achieved in stages, is the creation of an economic and monetary union. Cooperation in the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries is one of its primary aims. The first stage in this cooperation entails the harmonization of internal and external policies, the second stage envisages the adoption of a common agricultural policy. DESCRIPTION OF THE FOREST SECTOR ECOWAS members together contain only 2 percent of the world’s forests. While only 12 percent of the combined land area is under forest, an additional 23 percent is classified as “other wooded land”, which contributes to the production of various forest products, grazing and desertification control. “Trees outside forests”, such as those in agroforestry systems, are also an important resource. More than 90 percent of the wood produced by ECOWAS member countries is used as woodfuel. Within the Community, the most important producers of industrial wood products are Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. ECOWAS accounts for only a minor share of world imports and exports of wood products