Chapter 32 B-Lactam antibiotics
Chapter 32 β-Lactam antibiotics
Amidase H H H A PENICILLIN 00 一N COOH Lactamase Substituted 6-aminopenicillanic acid O HH R1一C一N一C B A CEPHALOSPORIN 0 CH2一2 COOH Substituted 7-aminocephalosporanic acid
B-Lactam antibiotics are useful and frequently prescribed antibiotics that share a common structure mechanism of action-inhibition of synthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan pharmacologic and clinical effects,and immunologic characteristics. 。 Important classes ofB-lactam antibiotics include penicillins,cephalosporin antibiotics,andB- lactamase inhibitors,et al. Bacterial resistance against theB-lactam antibiotics continues to increase at a dramatic rate.Mechanisms of resistance include not only production of B-lactamases,but also alterations in penicillin-binding proteins and decreased
• β-Lactam antibiotics are useful and frequently prescribed antibiotics that share a common structure ，mechanism of action—inhibition of synthesis of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan ， pharmacologic and clinical • effects, and immunologic characteristics. • Important classes ofβ-lactam antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporin antibiotics, andβ- lactamase inhibitors, et al. • Bacterial resistance against theβ-1actam antibiotics continues to increase at a dramatic rate. Mechanisms of resistance include not only production of β-lactamases, but also alterations in penicillin-binding proteins and decreased
entry and active efflux of the antibiotics. B-Lactamase production is the most common mechanism of resistance. Penicillins [peni'sili:ns] penicillin G and V(belong to natural penicillins),which are highly active against susceptible Gram-positive cocci;
entry and active efflux of the antibiotics. β-Lactamase production is the most common mechanism of resistance. Penicillins [peni'sili:ns] penicillin G and V (belong to natural penicillins), which are highly active against susceptible Gram-positive cocci;
nafcillin,methicillin,oxacillin,cloxacillin,and dicloxacillin penicillinase-resistant penicillins),which are active against penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus; ampicillin and other agents with an improved Gram-negative spectrum; Ticarcillin,carbenicillin and piperacillin. extended-spectrum penicillins with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
nafcillin, methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin（penicillinase-resistant penicillins） , which are active against penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus; ampicillin and other agents with an improved Gram-negative spectrum; Ticarcillin，carbenicillin and piperacillin. extended-spectrum penicillins with activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa